Service marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Service marketing - Essay Example Over the years several researches have been conducted in order to have a better understanding of service marketing. Many of these researches are published in the ‘Journal of Service Marketing’. This report presents three research reports on service marketing. Each of them is published in ‘Journal of Service Marketing’. The report provides a comprehensive outline of all the important theories and analysis that are given in the three research reports. This report is made for the marketing manager of Wal-Mart. Titles of the three journals are ‘Push, scream, or leave: how do consumers cope with crowded retail stores?’, ‘Consumer perceptions of internet-based e-retailing: an empirical research in Hong Kong’ and ‘Services marketing in a cross-cultural environment: the case of Egypt’. These three papers are chosen because they are directly related to the retail sector. The researches and the results that are stated in these th ree papers are expected to help the marketing manager of Wal-Mart to make more effective decisions in future. The research paper titled ‘Push, scream, or leave: how do consumers cope with crowded retail stores?’ is written by Anita Whiting who is from Clayton State University in USA. This report deals with the increasing problem of ‘crowding’ in retail stores. Heavy crowd in retail stores is a persistent problem for both retailers as well as consumers. Consumers are often stressed and frustrated due to heavy crowd in the store. Crowding badly affects the satisfaction level of the consumers. It reduces the time that is spent by the consumer in the store. Re patronage intentions of the consumers are also affected by the crowding. Business organisations can minimize the negative impacts of crowding by understanding the strategies implemented by the consumers to cope with the environment of a crowded retail shop. There

Becoming an Early Childhood Educator Essay Example for Free

Becoming an Early Childhood Educator Essay U. S. President Barack Obama emphasized on the importance of education in a country for not only one time. He believe that education provide the opportunities to every single citizen to work on their strengths and ability to fulfill their responsibilities to the country by contribution on specific career in order to build up a strong country. I strongly agree with his point of view as education is not an individual responsibility but to all. Education is the basis of a country in order to strengthen the economic status and development. Thus, it’s our responsible toward the society and nation to educate our next generation by provide a positive social and physical environment to instill wholesome character building in young children. Society now day faces variety of problem especially family issue that commonly happens include child abuse, divorce cases, youngster tend to run away from home, abandoned baby and etc. One of the factors that caused these issues is lack of realization on importance of education. There is a quote stated: If we would amend the world, we should mend our selves; and teach our children to be, not what we are, but what they should be. Quote by: WILLIAM PENN, Some Fruits of Solitude) Most of the parent didn’t realize their responsibility to their child as a role model in the growth of their children during childhood period. They might lack of exposure on the importance of early childhood education, or they unconsciously neglected their children’s need due to financial pressure in order to provide and maintaining the living standard of family. Thus, it’s our responsible as an educator to assist the parent on educating our next generation. It is my pleasure to meet a truly dedicated teacher in my life, although she was only teaching me as my class teacher for 1 year but her contribution and the bonding between me and she has brought the greater impact to my life. Compare to the teachers of old time with today, sadly to say, there are not much improvement among the quality of educator. Most of the educator are work for survive, they are lack of the passion and realization on their role and responsibilities, perhaps they do not know how to apply their knowledge on teaching method skillfully. In fact, it is the greater satisfaction as an educator to witness the growth of a child from innocence young age to a mature child. This is a most important period to instill a positive personality in a child as the behavior he practicing now will bring toward to adulthood and became his characteristic. The greater success of an educator is not the quantity of reward, but the recognition of the effort by the parent, student and society. The most precious and valuable achievement is to witness the success of wholesome character building on a child when they turned to an adult and continue influence the people around them with positive attitude. It is hard to achieve the objective of education with single contribution. Therefore it is important to bring together all the educators who having same ideology to work together as a role model to influence people around include the parent, children and colleagues to understand the importance of education. The main responsible of an early childhood educator is to instill the positive character to a child to develop wholesome character include sense of belonging, sense of responsibility, positive moral value, lifelong interest on learning, curiosity to the world and mentally and physically healthy and wealthy. Teacher as the second person after the parent as the role model to a child should practicing good behavior and attitude. Besides, a good teacher knows how to apply the knowledge skillfully to help children adapt to the knowledge on their level of understanding without killing their curiosity to the world. On the other hand, educator also played an important role to the parent because society in Malaysia now day is improving along with the realization on the importance of education. However, although the parent understands the importance of education, they are still lack of information in term of knowledge and skill to apply on their children. They are keen to seek for professional advancer and services as the agent of education to their children. In fact, this is a big step for the society; educator should always work closely and collaboratively with parent to encourage them involve in their child’s learning process to create love and caring environment for the children. The philosophy of a preschool setting that believed and practiced by the entire organization included administrator and teachers determine the process of achieving the goal of an organization. Same goes to personal philosophy held by a teacher, it is important to work collaboratively on behalf of children’s interest regardless personal identity and background. Teachers should be always ready to lend their hand to each other and strive for improvement together by sharing information and joining workshop, seminar or training together. Whenever there is dilemma, teacher should ask for the comment and suggestion without hesitate from senior colleague who willing to share their experiences and solve the problem together. Beside, teacher also played a role on providing a safe, healthy, loving and caring environment to young learner to develop sense of belonging and bonding among the children by always staying alert on potential danger and awareness on child’s behavior, health, physical and mental needs. Teacher should be always practicing 3R which is responsive, respect and reciprocal. Consistently interaction with the children is needed to understand child’s unique character and develop trust and respect relationship among children. However, teacher should allow necessary independent learning and respect child’s right in order to foster the development of children to prepare the children to be ready for the future challenges in their life. Knowledge on young children development is very important for educator. Therefore educator should be always seeking for improvement to provide highest quality service to the children. A knowledgeable teacher is always stay well informed on the latest update on government decision on education such as changing school syllabus and assessment for the student. Beside, by participate in variety of workshop, seminar and training; teacher will learn different teaching method to adapt children’s development milestone. Same goes to courses that offer in colleges and local university; it will improve the qualification and knowledge of teacher. By joining professional association, teacher will be always staying informed on the latest teaching approach and able to seek for professional comment from others. On the other hand, teaching should be stay adventurous when applying new skill to the children, learn from trial and error by observation and self reflection consistently. Teacher should be sensitive on child’s development to evaluate and improving the teaching method creatively in practical way. By understanding different learning pattern of the children, teacher should apply knowledge and skills in plenty ways for children to adapt to the knowledge. In conclusion, a professional early childhood educator should be having mental and physical readily with positive and optimistic attitude, be ready to takes up responsible and handle every dilemma and always strive for improvement. It is very important for an educator understand his/her role on the position held and to be flexible to adapt every changes and different situation. Lastly, enjoyment for the satisfaction of teaching will lead the educator to longer journey as time goes by because You never know how much it’s worth until its gone.

Images of Masculinity and Femininity in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay exa

Images of Masculinity and Femininity in Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Lady Macbeth does not have the traditional role of ‘mother’, ‘daughter’, or ‘wife’ but ‘partner’. Macbeth’s letter refers to her as: ‘My dearest partner in greatness..’ I (v) In spite of his military culture, Macbeth perceives Lady Macbeth as an equal, it would seem in all things; his political life, his career, his personal life; i.e. she is his significant other. Noticeably the emphasis is on ‘him’. Lady Macbeth lacks status of her own, as did all women in this era as ‘status’ could only be derived from one’s husband or father. The doctrine Macbeth adopts goes against all the conventional ideas of how a female should be regarded by a male. In the Renaissance era the division of the sexes were so vast, but Lady Macbeth resists persistently even when Macbeth dismisses her: ‘We will proceed no further in this business:’ (I vii 32) To resist what Macbeth says on whatever grounds, is not to be a woman at all. A woman is supposed to be weak, frail and submissive to male desires and certainly not supposed to debate effectively with her husband. But Lady Macbeth does reject the ‘woman’s’ role - as defined by men. One could be forgiven for thinking of Lady Macbeth as the only female worth studying in Macbeth as the other female characters have such minor roles. But I believe the witches are of importance when examining femininity. They are the first characters we set eyes upon and every event in the play is indirectly controlled or caused by them. This is surely a very powerful role. Witches allegedly foretold the future and served the devil. So Macbeth’s apparent fear and belief in their prophecy was undermining ecclesiastical authority. He takes great heed of ... ...ve spent the rest of his life feeling he had failed as a man, such was the importance of images of masculinity. ‘Bring forth men-children only’ (Macbeth 1:7:72)   Works Cited Shakespeare Macbeth; Arden Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot, Natalie Zemon Davis and Arlette Farge A History of Women; Belknap Havard Bruce R Smith Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare’s England; University of Chicago Press Callaghan, Dympna. Woman and Gender in Renaissance Tragedy. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press International, Inc., 1989 Johannes Fabricus Alchemy: the medevial alchemists and their royal lust; Diamond Books 1994 Novy, Marianne. Love's Argument: Gender Relations in Shakespeare. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984 Eros and magic in the Renaissance; University of Chicgo Press 1987                  

Theme in Housman’s “to an Athlete Dying Young”

? Theme in Housman’s â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† By Genea Cannon Dr. A. Kantor English 1302 6 March 2009 â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† by A. E. Houseman The time you won your town the race We chaired you through the market-place; Man and boy stood cheering by, And home we brought you shoulder-high. Today, the road all runners come, Shoulder-high we bring you home, And set you at your threshold down, Townsman of a stiller town. Smart lad, to slip betimes away From fields where glory does not stay, And early though the laurel grows It withers quicker than the rose. Eyes the shady night has shut Cannot see the record cut, And silence sounds no worse than cheers After earth has stopped the ears: Now you will not swell the rout Of lads that wore their honors out, Runners whom renown outran And the name died before the man. So set, before its echoes fade, The fleet foot on the sill of shade, And hold to the low lintel up The still-defended challenge-cup. And round that early-laureled head Will flock to gaze the strengthless dead, And find unwithered on its curls The garland briefer than a girl’s. Thesis and Outline Thesis: Housman uses visual imagery, double-meaning words, and life cycles to develop a theme of fading glory. I. Visual Imagery A. Presence B. Effect II. Double-meaning Words A. Presence B. Effect III. Life Cycles A. Presence B. Effect Genea Cannon DC English 1302 Dr. A. Kantor 3/6/09 Theme in Housman’s â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† In Alfred Edward Housman’s â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, the theme of fading glory is evident throughout the piece. Knowing and comprehending the theme is important to understanding the poem. Housman uses visual imagery, double-meaning words, and life cycles to develop a theme of fading glory. Visual imagery is used in many ways to present the theme. In the first stanza, the narrator is remembering the day that the runner won a race for his town. When Housman states that â€Å"Man and boy stood cheering by, And home we brought we brought you shoulder-high† (Housman Lines 3-4), it is obvious that the athlete was praised because â€Å"he was placed on an emotional/psychological pedestal as well as a physical one† (Napierkowski 230). Next, Housman states that Today, the road all runners come, Shoulder-high we bring you home, And set you at your threshold down, Townsman of a stiller town. (Lines 5-8) These lines vividly paint a picture of the athlete being carried high again, but this time the athlete in his own casket on the way to his grave. The saying â€Å"The road all runners come† expresses the â€Å"speaker’s awareness of the mortality of all people† (Napierkowski 230). The story is continued in line 7 by burying the body at his â€Å"threshold†. â€Å"The ‘threshold’ may literally be the physical edges of a grave, but it could also refer to the boundary between earthly reality and the world of the dead† (231). This shows that all people will die and that this particular athlete was held high even though he was on the way to the grave, because he died young and was still remembered for what he had done in his life. Another use of imagery is shown in lines 11 and 12, when Housman says â€Å"And early though the laurel grows It withers quicker than the rose. † This is showing that the athlete gets his fame early in life, but just like the laurels, his glory fades quickly. â€Å"The idea of a laurel leaf representing the brevity of physical beauty and strength is furthered by its comparison to the feminine and delicate rose, which grows early in the season and withers and dies quickly (but not as quickly as the laurel)† (231). In the last stanza of â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, the image of the dead athlete having already passed through the threshold and existing in the world of the dead is presented. The athlete is wearing the victory wreath made of laurel. The only difference in the wreath of laurel in the world of the dead and the wreath of laurel on earth is that the laurel does not ever fade in the world of the dead. â€Å"The garland is expressed as ‘unwithered,’ reiterating Housman’s theme of the permanent victory an early death might provide† (232). These are a few of the ways that imagery shows up the theme of glory fading throughout the piece. Not only does visual imagery present the reader with the theme, words that have double-meaning also play an immense role in the poem by Housman. One instance of double-meaning words is in the fifth stanza when it is said: â€Å"Now you will not swell the rout Of lads that wore their honors out, Runners whom renown outran And the name died before the man. † (Lines 17-20) These lines strengthen the observation made by the speaker that at some point all athletes will fade in their ability to make such a performance and win. Glory is fleeting. The only way a person can capture it and make it last is to die young after achieving greatness† (Cummings). â€Å"Their ‘renown’ eventually outruns them: because they can no longer uphold their athletic reputation by sustaining their peak performance, their reputation, or ‘name,’ dies before they do† (Napi erkowski 231). And the name does not actually â€Å"die† it actually fades from people’s memories, whereas the person dies. This is where the double-meaning comes into play. Since the hero-athlete of this poem has died while at his peak, he will not have to become part of this ‘rout’ (crowd) of has-been athletes† (231). Words that have double-meanings play a big role in the production of the theme in poem written by Housman. In addition to visual imagery and double meaning words, life cycles have an important effect on the theme of the poem. Lines 9 and 10 of Housman’s poem say â€Å"Smart lad, to slip away From fields where glory does not stay,† These lines are saying that glory does not remain upon the earth long; after a while the accomplishments you achieved will be forgotten. The speaker suggests that the athlete was â€Å"smart† to die and leave the natural world, where â€Å"glory does not stay† (Napierkowski 231). Had the athlete grown older, the townspeople would have forgotten his accomplishment when other runners replaced him, meaning other runners would steal the spotlight when the athlete was no longer the best. This shows that heroes cycle through our lives like people who cycle through our lives. Alfred Edward Housman’s â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† has an interesting theme of fading glory. This theme is presented through visual imagery, double-meaning words, and life cycles. These three things used in the poem vividly paint a picture for the reader’s mind presenting the theme in a way that the reader can not miss. Works Cited Cummings, Michael J. â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†. Cummings Guides. 27 Jan 2009. 3 March 2009. . Housman, A. E. , â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young. † The Collected Poems. London: Jonathan Cape, 1939. Napierkowski, Marie Rose, and Mary K. Ruby, eds. â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young. † Poetry for Students. Vol. 7. Detroit: Gale, 1998.

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay

1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesn’t want her hanging around him all the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ stop pestering me. † And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-â€Å"Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. † Meaning that he is rational now and understands things†¦not like a little kid anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesn’t understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not coming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the trial of Tom Robinson. 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. a. Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They don’t possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprised when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world throughout the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was probably asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally did fit right into town’s society. However, Alexandra didn’t understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the children’s behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions: Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.

Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God Character

Joe Starks Joe Starks, Janie’s second husband in Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, had most of the common characteristics of a white individual during the late nineteen century. Joe, nicknamed Jody by Janie, proudly displays his wardrobe, which replicated that of the wealthy white bosses of the time, â€Å"[He] was a citified, stylish dressed man with his hat set at an angle that didn’t belong in these parts,† (27, Chapter 4). Other characteristics link Joe with such individuals, such as his rounded belly, his cigar, as well as his stark white home in Eatonville, Florida, where he presides as the mayor of the town. Hurston allows for these commonalities to occur in order to present Joe’s personality through his role models (the wealthy, white men) and his attitude toward his wife as well as his environment. Joe treats his Janie with his cruelty through his sexist attitude. His actions towards Janie reflect his values and ethics, grappling any sense of power and wealth to provide a symbol of his control over his surroundings a well as Janie, â€Å"He wanted her submission and he’d keep on fighting until he felt he had it,† (71, Chapter 6). After the two move to Eatonville, Joe becomes the mayor of the black town, taking any opportunity to swank about his intelligence. Other members of the town recognize his actions as boastful and maintained that if others who were educated lived in Eatonville, he would not make such claims in front of the town members.... Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God Character Free Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God Character Joe Starks Joe Starks, Janie’s second husband in Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, had most of the common characteristics of a white individual during the late nineteen century. Joe, nicknamed Jody by Janie, proudly displays his wardrobe, which replicated that of the wealthy white bosses of the time, â€Å"[He] was a citified, stylish dressed man with his hat set at an angle that didn’t belong in these parts,† (27, Chapter 4). Other characteristics link Joe with such individuals, such as his rounded belly, his cigar, as well as his stark white home in Eatonville, Florida, where he presides as the mayor of the town. Hurston allows for these commonalities to occur in order to present Joe’s personality through his role models (the wealthy, white men) and his attitude toward his wife as well as his environment. Joe treats his Janie with his cruelty through his sexist attitude. His actions towards Janie reflect his values and ethics, grappling any sense of power and wealth to provide a symbol of his control over his surroundings a well as Janie, â€Å"He wanted her submission and he’d keep on fighting until he felt he had it,† (71, Chapter 6). After the two move to Eatonville, Joe becomes the mayor of the black town, taking any opportunity to swank about his intelligence. Other members of the town recognize his actions as boastful and maintained that if others who were educated lived in Eatonville, he would not make such claims in front of the town members....

Is the representation of men and masculinity changing in popular culture Essays

Is the representation of men and masculinity changing in popular culture Essays Is the representation of men and masculinity changing in popular culture Paper Is the representation of men and masculinity changing in popular culture Paper Essay Topic: Discipline and Punish the Birth Of the Prison Popular Andrew Ettinghausen is familiar Australian-wide not only through his performance on the rugby field but also through his appearances in the media as a model for advertisements for a variety of products, like mens clothing. According to Buchbinder, he therefore runs the risk of becoming that anathematised thing, the male object of the gaze. Many of his appearances in television commercials evade the simple objectification of his body, and hence of his discursive position, by some of the strategies mentioned. However, a nude photograph of the famous Ettinghausen body invites his transformation into an eroticised object of the gaze. By allowing his body to be viewed as an object Ettinghausen was deemed, apparently, to have forfeited his claim to subjectivity, and hence control over his body. It became, as it were, public property. The Ettinghausen case throws suggestively into relief a number of the anxieties and concerns that beset men trying to live in accordance to the dominant model of masculinity, not the least of which is the positioning of the male as the object of the gaze which on one hand disciplines and supervises and on the other, may also articulate that of desire. 8 Moreover, Ettinghausens story also suggests that, according to Buchbinder, for all masculinitys pervasive tyranny over both men and women in the culture, its superiority and power rest on fragile, even treacherous, foundations. 9 In contrast, not all agree on the desirability of women looking at men. While some argue that this change represents a genuine advance, others suggest that to turn men into sex objects is a setback for the debate surrounding equal opportunity. Consensus is impossible in this debate, but Creed says that at least the debate has made one definite gain, being that it has forced general recognition that women do, and should be allowed to, derive pleasure from looking, an activity that for too long has been the preserve of men10. Creed continues by saying that the concept of masculinities also reinforces the view that gender is a constructed category rather than a pre given category. Sean Dixon also argues, like Creed, that, masculinity is not a fixed and unitary category.. Rather, like all identities masculinities are invented categories11. The re emergence of womens movements, mens movements and the gay liberation movement has raised questions regarding dominant forms of masculinity and defined masculinity as a problem in recent times, as mentioned previously. Economic changes within society have also been a major contributor in regards to destabilising and re defining masculinity. Shifts within dominant forms of masculinity have also occurred due to these economic changes. The question may now be raised as to; has hegemonic masculinity changed? In response, it may be argued that yes, hegemonic masculinity has in fact changed, especially in terms of ideals. The development of new consumer markets, for example the expanding dare to care market, has had a massive impact upon the changing representations of men and masculinity in popular culture. The new mens magazines provide a good place to start looking at these new consumer markets and changing representations. According to Tony Schirato and Susan Yell, there are several reasons for the appearance of these new mens magazines on the stands. Firstly, the increasing public profile and acceptance of the mens movement, indicates that there is a discursive space in which men talking about men can take place. Secondly, the expanding market recognises the demand by advertisers for a print media vehicle for marketing to men more broadly. Thirdly, mens increasing exposure to and wider acceptance of feminism has therefore challenged polarised notions surrounding gender identity. 12 These magazines provide a discursive site for the production and circulation of new forms of masculine subjectivity says Schirato and Yell. Some critics argue that while film, lifestyle magazines and popular culture are prepared to examine masculinity, they are not prepared to question male power itself. Creed suggests that this seems as true today as it was 70 years ago, judging by the surrealists discussions. The mainstream press and television programs hardly ever articulate awareness of the existence of a range of masculinities, instead promoting masculinity as a unitary category. 13 It is important to acknowledge that a range of masculinities exist within society when assessing the question as to whether representations of men and masculinity are changing in popular culture. The media rarely question the nature surrounding the masculinity displayed by male sporting heroes and politicians to name a few. Masculinity is a transparent, singular, obvious quality. 14 This view was confirmed in the late 1990s by cultural theorist Jackie Cook in her study associated with the representations depicted of male bodies in mens magazines, for instance, in Flex Magazine, Musclemag and Ralph. She concluded that although more attention was given to health issues and the body, there appeared that there was no particular change in images of masculinity itself, especially in relation to its ongoing social and cultural dominance. 15 Cook argues that although men may adopt provocative poses that were once the territory of the female model, women continue to be depicted as ornaments. Therefore it may be argued that yes, changes are associated with the representations of men and masculinity in popular culture, but these changes are perhaps not real changes. Creed suggests that, unless men are prepared to question the nature of male power its alignment with aggression and its subordination of women and children it is difficult to envisage any lasting or worthwhile changes taking place. 16 It can be concluded that representations of men and masculinity in popular culture are changing due to the new man phenomenon which may be described as a true creation of the media, although changes addressing the inner workings of the male are yet to be seen. Robert Bly believes that, men are still encouraged to look upwards and out rather than inwards and down, into themselves. 17 It may also be seen that new relations exist in terms of looking that challenge the conventional dynamics where men own the gaze and others are the object of the gaze. Cultural theorist L. H. M Ling warns of the problems which surface when the issue of masculine identity continues to be defined as hyper masculinity. 18 It is crucial that masculinity be re thought particularly in relation to the new global media. 19. References B.Creed, Media Matrix: Sexing the New Reality, North Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2003, ch. 5, The Full Monty: Postmodern Men and the Media D. Buchbinder, Masculinities and Identities, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1994 J. Hearn, The Gender Oppression: Men, masculinity and the critique of Marxism, Great Britain: Wheatsheaf Books Limited,1987 J. Cook, Mens Magazines at the Millennium Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, vol. 14, 2000 L. H. M Ling, Sex Machine: Global Hyper masculinity and Images of the Asian Woman in Modernity Positions, vol. 7, no. 2, 1999 R. Bly, Iron John, New York: Addison Wesley, 1990 S. Nixon, Exhibiting Masculinity in Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, ed. Stuart Hall, London: Sage, 1997 T. Schirato S. Yell, The new mens magazines and the performance of masculinity, Media International Australia, no. 92, 1999 Bibliography C. W. Franklin, The Changing Definition of Masculinity, New York: Plenum Press, 1984 D. Coad, Gender Trouble Down Under: Australian Masculinities, Paris, Presses Universitaires de Valenciennes, ch. 6 The Queer Nineties, 1992 D. Savran, Taking It Like A Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1998 H. Franks, Goodbye Tarzan: Men After Feminism, NSW: Allen Unwin, 1984 M. Dyson, Re negotiating the Australian Legend: Khe Sanh and the Jimmy Barnes Stage Persona, Limina, vol. 4, 1998 R. W. Connell, Masculinities, NSW: Allen Unwin, 1995 1 J. Hearn, The Gender Oppression: Men, masculinity and the critique of Marxism, Great Britain: Wheatsheaf Books Limited,1987, p. 5 2 Note 1, p. 6 : Kimmel, 1987. 3 Note 1, p. 8 4 D. Buchbinder, Masculinities and Identities, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1994, p. 2 5 Note 4, p. 3 6 B. Creed, Media Matrix: Sexing the New Reality, North Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2003, ch. 5, The Full Monty: Postmodern Men and the Media pp. 78 96 7 Note 6 8 The notion of the supervising and disciplining gaze is developed by Michael Foucault in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1977) in D. Buchbinder, Masculinities and Identities, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1994 9 Note 4, p. 83 10 Note 6, p. 84 11 S. Nixon, Exhibiting Masculinity in Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, ed. Stuart Hall, London: Sage, p. 301 12 T. Schirato S. Yell, The new mens magazines and the performance of masculinity, Media International Australia, no. 92, p. 81 90 13 Note 6 14 Note 6 15 J. Cook, Mens Magazines at the Millennium Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, vol. 14. p. 171 86 16 Note 6 17 R. Bly, Iron John, New York: Addison Wesley, 1990 18 L. H. M Ling, Sex Machine: Global Hyper masculinity and Images of the Asian Woman in Modernity Positions, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 277 306.

How to Make Black Snake or Glow Worm Fireworks

How to Make Black Snake or Glow Worm Fireworks Black snakes, sometimes called glow worms, are small tablets that you light, using a punk or a lighter, that burn to produce long black snakes of ash. They produce some smoke (which had a characteristic, probably toxic odor), but no fire or explosion. The original fireworks used to contain salts of a heavy metal (such as mercury), so while they were marketed for kids to play with, they really werent that much safer than conventional fireworks, just dangerous in a different way. However, there is a safe way to make black snakes. You can heat baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) with sugar (sucrose) to produce carbon dioxide gas that puffs up black carbon ash (see a video). Black Snake Materials SandAlcohol or fuel oil (High-proof alcohol or lighter fluid works well for this  project)Baking sodaSugar (Powdered sugar or you can grind table sugar in a coffee grinder) Steps to Make Snakes Mix 4 parts powdered sugar with 1 part baking soda. (Try  4 teaspoons sugar and 1 teaspoon baking soda)Make a mound with the sand. Push a depression into the middle of the sand.Pour the alcohol or other fuel into the sand to wet it.Pour the sugar and soda mixture into the depression.Ignite the mound, using a lighter or match. At first, youll get a flame and some small scattered blackened balls. Once the reaction gets going, the carbon dioxide will puff up the carbonate into the continuously extruded snake. You can also make black snakes without sand mix baking soda and sugar in a metal mixing bowl, add the fuel and light the mixture. It should work fine. These will have a distinct, familiar smell... of burnt marshmallows. Finally, rest assured that if you use pure ethanol, sugar, and baking soda, there is nothing toxic about this project. One caution: Dont add fuel to the burning snake, since you risk igniting the alcohol stream. How Black Snakes Work The sugar and baking soda snake proceeds according to the following chemical reactions, where sodium bicarbonate breaks down into sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas while burning the sugar in oxygen produces water vapor and carbon dioxide gas. The snake is carbonate with black carbon particles: 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 H2O CO2 C2H5OH 3 O2 → 2 CO2 3 H2O These instructions were adapted from a tutorial given on Boing Boing which in turn came from a defunct Russian site. The Russian site suggested two additional ways to make chemical snakes: Ammonium Nitrate Black Snake This works the same way as the sugar and baking soda snake, except using ammonium nitrate (niter) instead of sugar. Mix one part ammonium nitrate and one part baking soda. This recipe is more like what you would see in commercial black snake fireworks, which are supposedly composed of soda with nitrated naphthalenes and linseed oil. Its another very safe demonstration, though not safe enough to eat, like sugar and baking soda. Ammonium Dichromate Green Snake The green snake is a variation on the ammonium dichromate volcano. The volcano is a cool chemistry demonstration (orange sparks, green ash, smoke), but its a chemistry-lab-only demonstration (not safe for kids at all) because the chromium compound is toxic. The green soda snakes are made from: Two parts of ammonium nitrateOne part of powdered sugarOne part of ammonium dichromate Mix the ingredients, add a small amount of water, and roll the result into a snake shape (using gloves is strongly recommended). Allow the snake to dry (the tutorial suggests using a hairdryer to speed the process). Light one end of the snake.  Its worth knowing how to do this demonstration if you have ammonium dichromate and ammonium nitrate on hand, otherwise, let the Russian photos suffice and play with the sugar and baking soda snakes instead.  In this case, an orange snake burns to green ash.  Another (spectacular) form of black carbon snake results from reacting sugar and sulfuric acid. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Revelant problems within the U.S. heath care system Research Paper

Revelant problems within the U.S. heath care system - Research Paper Example An efficient government must support its population by providing a developed social and environmental structure for leading a better life. People’s health related issues are one of the most important concerns for policy makers and regulators as people are the prime essence of an economy. Man power is a very crucial resource for economic development and hence, a healthy man power is inevitable. Therefore, most of the economies aim to establish flawless health care systems. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in social structures and lifestyle of the people. Globalization, technological advancements and economic enhancement are three prime reasons for these changes. However, with these changes, some major issues have also been noticed like unhealthy lifestyles and increasing environmental pollutions like global warming. This has led to increase in the necessity of better health care system within an economy. Therefore, the demand of health care systems has multiplied and entrepreneurs have found better and profitable business opportunities. Hence, health care sector has become an emerging industry which has great economic importance. The governments are also trying to encourage this industry for offering better and healthier lifestyles to people by regulating and controlling this sector as well as the entire system. However, at present, many countries’ health care system is suffering from few major issues. This paper will attempt to discuss the U.S. health care system and its major prevailing issues. Currently, there are three major issues in U.S. health care system i.e. large number of uninsured Americans, increasing cost of health services and inefficient government regulation. The primary aim of this paper is to offer plausible strategies or solutions for overcoming these issues. At first, a brief overview of U.S. health care

Biology Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biology Questions - Essay Example Prokaryotic initially prior infusion with the other forms was able to support itself via utilizing free O2 in processing both its energy and food. This is via diminutive heterotrophs mitochondria via respiration and ensuring that they produced useful food and energy liable for their sustainability. Primarily, the Eukaryote Evolution bears two pathways, which encompass Endosymbiosis and Membrane infolding (Virtual Fossil Museum). Researchers have accepted and utilized Endosymbiosis in expounding the evolution of Eukaryote contrary to the latter pathway. Membrane infolding process contends that unit’s’ membrane engulfed the invading prokaryote where instead of digesting the cell wall it remained intact and formed an extra membrane surrounding protomitochondria and protochloroplast (Virtual Fossil Museum). Hence, the external membrane developed Eukaryote characteristics where its continued evolution yielded to endomembrane system (The virtual Fossil Museum). Conversely, En dosymbiosis claims that two entities that are diverse structurally fused due to their entirety dependence (symbiosis). The theory contends that eukaryote mitochondrion emanated from autotrophic organism engulfed by a large heterotrophic entity (Virtual Fossil Museum). Prokaryote was unable to utilize O2 to support its metabolisms process losting its outer cell wall, though, it developed an extra flexible membrane. This yielded to more infolding forming the nucleus and diverse numerous internal organelles as indicated in Fig.1. Alternatively, Eukaryote engulfed alphaproteobacteria (autotroph) without digesting it, which utilized O2 in synthesizing energy via photosynthesis (Fig. 2). This established symbiosis relationship existing amid the Eukaryote and the autotroph in the cell (The virtual Fossil Museum). Eukaryote’s responsibilities entail protection and nutrients provisions while the endosymbiont prokaryote energy via respiration (Virtual Fossil Museum). Symbiosis normally entails diverse entities that usually exist in the same environment and co-exist via mutual dependence, for instance, Eukaryote and prokaryote. This is via each entity having a distinct role, which the other cannot undertake on its own, but it is essential for own continued existence. Figure 1: Endosymbiosis Theory Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm Figure 2: Endosymbiosis Theory. Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm Qn. #2 Zonation entails how diverse ecosystems normally distribute themselves owing to their capability to withstand certain climatic aspects and can adequately thrive in their midst. Primarily, it depends on altitude, latitude or other factors that prompts diverse ecosystems and tend to inhabit certain geographical positions than others. Since, they do possess the necessary adaptation characteristics; these will enable their sustainability contrary to others, which could become extinct if exposed to the region (Keddy 101). Local zonation refers to small fragments having distinct characteristics and ecosystems that normally inhabit certain region, for illustration, intertidal zonation. This lies amid the high and low tidal lines, mainly on the shoreline (Keddy 269). Animals or plants meant to dwell in this region entail that they do bear diverse

Barry Humphries and Patrick White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Barry Humphries and Patrick White - Essay Example He was not only an actor but also a script writer, a film producer, an award winning writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, and a landscape painter. Another noted name in Australian theatre was Patrick Victor Martindale White, also known as Patrick White. White was an author who was considered a major English-language novelist. During his career he published eight plays, twelve novels and two short story collections. "His fiction freely employs shifting narrative vantagepoints and a stream of consciousness technique" (Wikipedia 2007). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973. Barry Humphries was born on 17 February 1934 in Melbourne, Australia. He is a noted Australian actor and comedian. Humphries nick name was 'Bazza'. Other than acting Barry Humphries also wrote comic strips. His comic strip Barry McKenzie about Australian living in London appeared in the magazine Private Eye. His nick name Bazza gave Australian slang wide distribution, particularly jokes on drinking and its results, much of which was created by Humphries himself. His childhood set the stage for his eventual career of an actor. Barry's father spent little time with him so he spent a lot of his time playing disguise in his backyard. His parent called him Sunny Sam. During his teens he began to go against the constraints of conservative suburban life and became artistic. When he was nine Humphries' mother gave all his books to the Salvation Army. This event led him to becoming a collector of rare books, a reader, a theatre fan and a painter. He dressed in a black cloak and black homburg and invented his first character, "Dr Aaron Azimuth". Barry was educated at Camberwell Grammar School. He was also sent to Melbourne Grammar School where he matriculated with excellent results in Art and English. Later he spent two years studying law, fine arts and philosophy at the University of Melbourne. During this time he became a part of Dada, the deconstructive and absurdist art movement. The Dadaist performances and pranks have become a part of Australian folklore. After leaving university he joined the newly formed Melbourne theatre company. It was now that he created the first version of his most famous character Edna Everage. The old fashioned housewife originally created as a character of Australian suburban narrow-mindedness, evolved over forty years to become a flamboyantly dressed, internationally acclaimed star, Dame Edna Everage. Humphries' other humorous characters include, nephew of Dame Edna, Barry McKenzie which went on to become a legendary comic strip hero. Sir Les Patterson, who has not only contributed to the Australian vernacular but also borrowed from it. An underground film-maker from the 1960's Martin Agrippa, a trade union official Lance Boyle, a failed tycoon Owen Steele and an art salesman Morrie O'Connor. Later, Humphries moved to Sydney and joined Sydney's Philip Street Revue Theatre. He appeared in Australia's first ever production of Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot, as Estragon. In the 1960s Humphries settled in London, where he became friends with leading artists from the British comedy scene including Peter Cook, Jonathan Miller, Willie Rushton and the like. While in London he

Impression of view Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Impression of view - Movie Review Example A bootleg South African phenomenon presented two South African fans who sort to find the roots of South African apartheid rule and what happened to their superhero (Bendjelloul 1). This paper critically examines how and why the story of searching for sugar man appealed to the audience. Many of the lyrics of Rodriguez told of the daily challenges of the homeless and the working poor and the story of a society that was in decline â€Å"Cause.† While Rodriguez was deemed as a commercial failure at home, his rock musical records were extremely popular in South Africa.. His intriguing story particularly touched many of his audience. For example, as an artist, Rodriguez artist message considering his talents could have firstly been welcomed in his birthplace more than anywhere in the world. Throughout its performance, the story has in numerous occasions sparked standing ovation with some members of audience left cheering and crying. One of the ways through which the story touches the audience is the use of Rodriguez’s outstanding music characterized by prophetic lyrics and soulful melodies. â€Å"He is like a poet and from his lyrics, I know his sorrow.† †¦. â€Å"Because I lost my job two weeks before Christmas........†(From the song â €Å"cause†). Additionally, being one of the greatest rock and pop music icon by 1970s, the use of Rodriguez’s music may have contributed to the Searching for Sugar Man’s captivating touch on the audience. Generally, Bendjelloul’s film provided the fans of the â€Å"Searching for Sugar Man† with the continued inspiration that they needed. The inspirational content rediscovered in Sixto music finally would be touchy. For someone to blindly follow your musical career routes, you must have been a greater influence in their lives. Segerman is a music store owner. As much as he lacks the knowledge of recording and distribution, he feels touched by Rodriguez expertise in the entertainment industry.

Synoptic Gospels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Synoptic Gospels - Essay Example 1:1): "1. Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us" (Borg, 1999, p.65-8) Tatum (1999, p. 36) argues: "...Gospel origins highlight the theological focus peculiar to each Gospel. There appears to be an appropriate correspondence between the portrayal of Jesus in each Gospel and the social setting of that Gospel. Each writer, therefore, has edited information about Jesus so that the story of Jesus addresses the concerns of the intended readers. The Story of Jesus as the Universal Christ in the Gospel of Luke, for example, was appropriate in a way that the story of Jesus as the Teaching Christ in the Gospel of Matthew would not have been. Like us, the Gospel writers tended to make Jesus over in their own likenesses." The Synoptics vary considerably in length from Mark (the shortest) to Luke (the longest). There are 661 verses, 95 scenes and 80 sayings in Mark; 1068 verses, 117 scenes and 225 sayings in Matthew; as for Luke, it contains 1098 verses, 120 scenes and 182 sayings (Funk et al, 1993, p.45). There are places where the Synoptic Gospels are closely parallel in their recounting of incidents from the life of Jesus. For example, in the "Parable of the Sower" some words and constructions repeat in two or three Gospels: (Matthew 13) 3. " A sower went out to sow. 4. And as he sowed, some [seeds] fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. 5. Other [seeds] fell on rocky ground, where they had not much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, 6. but when the sun rose they were scorched; and since they had no root they withered away. 7. Other [seeds] fell upon thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them. 8. Other [seeds] fell on fine soil and brought forth grain, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. 9. He who has ears [to hear] let him hear." (Mark 4) 3."Listen! A sower went out to sow. 4. And as he sowed, some [seed] fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it. 5. Other [seed] fell on rocky ground, where it had not much soil, and immediately it sprang up, since it had no depth of soil; 6. and when the sun rose it was scorched, and since it had no root it withered away. 7. Other [seed] fell into thorns and the thorns grew up and choked it, and it yielded no grain. 8 And other [seeds] fell into fine soil and brought forth grain, growing up and increasing and yielding thirtyfold and sixtyfold and a hundredfold." 9. And he said, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." (Luke 8) 5. "A sower went out to sow his seed; and as he sowed, some fell along the path, and was trodden under foot, and the birds of the air devoured it. 6. And some fell on the rock; and as it grew up, it withered away, because it had no moisture. 7. And some fell among thorns; and the thorns grew with it and choked it. 8. And some fell into good soil and grew, and yielded a hundredfold." As he said this, he called out, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." At the same time there could be differences in historical details. For example, the story of the healing of the blind man Bartimaeus contains several such differences: in Matthew and Mark, the incident happens as Jesus

Writing Today by Richard Johnson and Sheehan Charles Paine Essay - 9

Writing Today by Richard Johnson and Sheehan Charles Paine - Essay Example In this, it would be easy to note that the book strives to show that writing can be engaged within an entertaining manner; thus, making it be easy to read, comprehend and apply dynamically to various aspects of life. At this phase in the volume, it is interesting to note that the authors clearly follow the guideline they provide by making the text brief, quick to navigate and easy to scan. In part three of the book, the main concern for the authors is in relation to the process to follow in developing a piece of writing. As such, it would be obvious to yearn for knowing the precise course of action to pursue in achieving successful writing, but still, afford questions such as how can one invent ideas? How can writing be organized and a draft formulated out of the general ideas? And, what are the core reasons for revising and editing a piece of writing before publishing it? In seeking to answer these questions and similar ones in the two parts, the authors present readers with case scenarios that entail the understanding of the nature of writing and the requirements for the development of a literary writing, as presented by the frequent headings and numbered lists of items. This part is largely concerned with the determination of the various strategies that are used in the shaping of ideas when writing literary pieces. This segment is imperative in the logic that it provides the playwright with insights such as on how to develop paragraphs for the text being written, how to develop various sections for the paper, how to use rhetorical patterns in the development of a literary text, how to use argumentative strategies in the development of ideas in one’s writing and how to have the writing piece developed exposed to peer review and collaborated with different writers. Largely, this is one the most critical parts of the book, given the significance, it plays in the defining the various contexts that are to be drawn in the improvement of a literary text.  Ã‚  

Synoptic Gospels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Synoptic Gospels - Essay Example 1:1): "1. Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us" (Borg, 1999, p.65-8) Tatum (1999, p. 36) argues: "...Gospel origins highlight the theological focus peculiar to each Gospel. There appears to be an appropriate correspondence between the portrayal of Jesus in each Gospel and the social setting of that Gospel. Each writer, therefore, has edited information about Jesus so that the story of Jesus addresses the concerns of the intended readers. The Story of Jesus as the Universal Christ in the Gospel of Luke, for example, was appropriate in a way that the story of Jesus as the Teaching Christ in the Gospel of Matthew would not have been. Like us, the Gospel writers tended to make Jesus over in their own likenesses." The Synoptics vary considerably in length from Mark (the shortest) to Luke (the longest). There are 661 verses, 95 scenes and 80 sayings in Mark; 1068 verses, 117 scenes and 225 sayings in Matthew; as for Luke, it contains 1098 verses, 120 scenes and 182 sayings (Funk et al, 1993, p.45). There are places where the Synoptic Gospels are closely parallel in their recounting of incidents from the life of Jesus. For example, in the "Parable of the Sower" some words and constructions repeat in two or three Gospels: (Matthew 13) 3. " A sower went out to sow. 4. And as he sowed, some [seeds] fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. 5. Other [seeds] fell on rocky ground, where they had not much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, 6. but when the sun rose they were scorched; and since they had no root they withered away. 7. Other [seeds] fell upon thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them. 8. Other [seeds] fell on fine soil and brought forth grain, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. 9. He who has ears [to hear] let him hear." (Mark 4) 3."Listen! A sower went out to sow. 4. And as he sowed, some [seed] fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it. 5. Other [seed] fell on rocky ground, where it had not much soil, and immediately it sprang up, since it had no depth of soil; 6. and when the sun rose it was scorched, and since it had no root it withered away. 7. Other [seed] fell into thorns and the thorns grew up and choked it, and it yielded no grain. 8 And other [seeds] fell into fine soil and brought forth grain, growing up and increasing and yielding thirtyfold and sixtyfold and a hundredfold." 9. And he said, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." (Luke 8) 5. "A sower went out to sow his seed; and as he sowed, some fell along the path, and was trodden under foot, and the birds of the air devoured it. 6. And some fell on the rock; and as it grew up, it withered away, because it had no moisture. 7. And some fell among thorns; and the thorns grew with it and choked it. 8. And some fell into good soil and grew, and yielded a hundredfold." As he said this, he called out, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." At the same time there could be differences in historical details. For example, the story of the healing of the blind man Bartimaeus contains several such differences: in Matthew and Mark, the incident happens as Jesus

Week 2 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 Assignment - Essay Example At the time of entering into the contract, I gave him $100, which was to serve as the consideration. There was a legal objective to the contract since my friend legally owned the furniture. In the end, we set the terms for both of us and signed the contract in writing, making two copies that. I retained one copy while my friend went with the other. The furniture needed to be delivered to my house two weeks after the signing of the contract and this cost was to be borne by the seller. After delivery, I was to pay the full amount in cash. However, two weeks after, my friend had still not delivered the furniture. I called him to inquire why he had not obeyed the terms we had agreed on. He replied that he could not deliver the furniture because he had not found a place to buy new furniture to replace what he was selling. This was not among the conditions we had put in our contract. In the meantime, I had already sold my old furniture for $400 and I had withdrawn $600 from my bank account in readiness for payment. The contract I had entered into was not successfully fulfilled, which shows there was a breach in the terms of the contract. Therefore, I took the necessary steps to sue my friend for damages in a court of law for breach. There were a number of remedies available for breach of contract. They included awarding of damages, rescission of the contract and specific performance of the contract. I was entitled to damages being the innocent party as far as the breach was concerned. Damages in this case were supposed to be nominal since I incurred no loss from the breach of contract. If I had suffered any loss in terms of monetary value, I would have qualified for substantial damages that would have been determined based on the remoteness of the loss. As opposed to the equitable remedies of injunction and specific damages are available as a right (Miller, 2012). Punitive damages would also have served to punish the party in breach

Biographies of Oneil and Adele Cannon Essay Example for Free

Biographies of Oneil and Adele Cannon Essay Oneil and Adele Cannon will be honored this year as they celebrate fifty years of an activist marriage. The following is just a short summary of the many ways Oneil and Adele Cannon have contributed to the history of Los Angeles. The great French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) wrote in his work Emile: â€Å"there is no happiness without courage nor virtue without struggle†. This is a quote that certainly can apply to the lives of Oneil Cannon and his wife Adele. As they celebrate fifty years of an activist marriage, their life journey has exemplified the qualities of courage and struggle. The causes that they have fought together are a chronicle of the progressive movement over the last half century. Oneil Cannon was born in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana on January 28, 1917. He attended grammar and high school in New Orleans, Louisiana. In his 20’s he was drafted into the Army in Louisiana. He first visited L. A. during his furlough from the Army, to visit his sister and younger brother. He met and married his first wife, Elizabeth, in New Orleans in 1939. After his discharge from the Army in 1945 he felt that Los Angeles would probably offer better opportunities for a man and his young family, so they moved to Watts. This was during the era of a large migration of African-Americans from the south to California and other northern states. In order to sustain an income in those beginning years, he had various jobs. In 1946 he obtained a position as an Insurance Agent with the historical Golden State Insurance Company (the first insurance company to predominantly serve the African American community in Los Angeles). As Oneil puts it: â€Å"My brother Fred and I had opened our own printing shop in Watts before either of us knew very much about printing. We were both just out of the Army (World War II) and after a time, we decided that I would go to school and learn printing. I studied printing at Frank Wiggins Trade School which later became Trade Tech Junior College in the years 1947 to 1950. Fred would stay and take care of the shop and then I would come home and teach my brother what I learned at school about printing. That was my job. That’s the way we did it. So we both became printers at the same time, but I became a printing teacher, the same day that I became a printing student. We ran the shop and studied between meetings and other community activities, which we were both involved in Mrs. Carlotta Bass, editor and publisher of the California Eagle Newspaper, (who also introduced Oneil to Paul Robeson) also had a printing shop needing someone to take it over at that time. So Oneil went in and made a deal with hershe rented him the use of the printing shop. Therefore Oneil was in business for himself as the California Eagle Printing Company (1950-55). Also, he still worked with his brother at the Quick Service Advertisers Print Shop on 111th and Wilmington. They printed signs, leaflets and advertisements for various funeral establishments, political causes and groups, and businesses in the community. One day Carlotta Bass came into the printishop with some people to talk to Oneil about the Printers Union. Because of his hands-on work and training as a printer, they invited him to join in starting a campaign to break the color line in the Printers Union. This was a significant point in continuing the struggle for equal opportunities for all, and shows his genuine concern and courage to bring justice to the community. Philip â€Å"Slim† Connelly from the CIO, asked if he could participate in this very important campaign. Prior to this time, the Union did not have any African American members. Considering Oneil’s history of activism, from the voting rights movement in the south in the 1930’s, to being involved in breaking the color bar in the International Typographical Union (ITU), this was one of the most important, telling and dramatic labors of his life. Oneil stated, â€Å"This is how I got started to working on getting into a printing union. After getting all sorts of â€Å"run arounds† from printing unions, somehow some of the Communists who were in the ITU came to me and offered to help, if I was really interested in breaking the Jim Crow status in the printing industry and unions in Los Angeles. I had absolutely no doubts that I was ready for this struggle; â€Å"a piece of cake†, after all, hadn’t I just come from â€Å"Jim Crow† Louisiana where I’d lived all my life, and hadn’t I just gotten out, after three years in a â€Å"Jim Crow† Army. I had been all over Los Angeles looking for, and working on different jobs. But you â€Å"ain’t† lived until you have to deal with well-organized trade union bigots. These dudes were really pros. Interestingly, I never once heard them attacking my desire for membership on the basis of race, but only because the people who advocated my membership were Communists. Incidentally, I never saw any membership cards, but saw that they knew of my efforts to become a printers union member, and that they were the ones who came to my assistance. Logic tells me that there was something strange about the Union’s argument, because if they hated Communists so badly, why were these white Communists â€Å"in the union†, and not one African American? This point was raised by one of the comrades on the union floor and he was roundly booed, but not put out of the union. † Oneil finally became a member of the Printers Union, but then was never sent out to jobs. When he went to the Union Hall, somehow there was no work for him. However, some of his friends benefited by Oneil breaking that barrier, and did get jobs. So the struggle continued. Meanwhile, Oneil continued operating his own â€Å"Union† printing business Fidelity Lettershop, which he continues to run today. â€Å"I ended up not only running my own printing shop, but also teaching graphic arts at S. T. E. P. ne of the â€Å"Poverty Programs† and eventually I retired as a California State credentialed graphic arts teacher in 1999. This is where he first met (now Congresswoman) Maxine Waters. I still teach on a volunteer basis at the Paul Robeson Center in south Los Angeles, of which I am the director. I’ve been teaching printing a long time. † Oneil and Adele met in 1947, while working together as part of a political team in South Los Angeles during the campaign to put Henry Wallace (who was running against Truman) and the Independent Progressive Party (IPP) on the Ballot. Adele was also an activist, beginning with the Franklin Roosevelt campaign as a precinct worker. Adele Marx Rosenfield was born in El Paso, Texas in 1923. Her family moved to California in about 1936 and she graduated from Fairfax High School in 1940. She then attended UCLA to study Chemistry. After Pearl Harbor, she enlisted in the WAVES, but was discharged after only 17 days due to â€Å"political activities in civilian life†. It turned out the government had interviewed a friend of the family who told of her activities. She married and had two children—Jan and Dale Goodman. Adele and Oneil were married in December, 1954. When her youngest child, Jan Goodman, was in Junior High School she went back to school at UCLA Extension and then for her Masters of Business Administration at Cal State Dominguez, while working as an office manager, and raising a family. After earning her CPA and working as a full-time accountant, she served as the Peace and Freedom Party’s State Treasurer for 16 years and is still a State Officer of the Peace and Freedom Party. Since starting to work together as part of a political team in South Los Angeles during the campaign to put Henry Wallace and the Independent Progressive Party (IPP) on the ballot in the late 1940’s, they continued as a team when fighting to free the Rosenbergs and later Angela Davis. One fight always led to another, as they fought as part of the IPP to force employers to hire African and Mexican- Americans, where the slogon was don’t bank or buy where you can’t work. As part of the South-East Inter-Racial Council, they fought to end segregated housing and restrictive covenants and to bring Negro History Week into the Los Angeles City Schools. Always striving to bring peace, they gathered signatures to the Stockholm Peace Petition, fought and demonstrated against the wars in Vietnam and continue to fight for Middle East peace. As they raised their six kids, the Cannons fought to bring equal education to South Los Angeles, including the multi-years struggle led by Odessa Cox to bring a Junior college to South Los Angeles, which culminated in the establishment of Southwest Community College. They were also involved from the beginning to acquire a health facility of some kind in Watts, which ultimately came under the leadership of Ted and Bernice Watkins and the Watts Labor Community Action Committee (WLCAC), a predecessor of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Hospital. Oneil Cannon is known to current activists as owner/operator/union printer at his print shop, Fidelity Educational Press. Oneil, along with his wife Adele and others co-founded the Paul Robeson Community Center in 1986. When they were thinking about a name for this Center, their daughter Jan Goodman suggested it be named in honor of Paul Robeson since their goal was to establish a multi-cultural/multi-ethnic community center. Therefore, who better to exemplify multi-culturalism than Paul Robeson. In the Cannons’ fifty years as a team, they have certainly lived their motto to improve our community. Instead of leaving when the kids were grown, they stayed to continue the fight for better schools and living conditions in South Los Angeles. In this way they have been able to truly contribute to a multi-cultural South Los Angeles.

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay Small business enterprises are managed by the proprietor and the small enterprises settle on the wealth of a country. Small enterprises make extra job. In the start small enterprises resist to execute well as of need of skill and need of preparation. SBEs frequently create their trade in four category of souk, those are transaction, wholesaling, check if and developed. At the similar occasion there are so numerous challenge that small business enterprises have to features. If there is a slump, the banks will not advance cash, they cannot increase the trade and they have to use the coins minerals. Some owner takes up their relatives member so that they cannot rest rotten team. Normally there is an additional dare that the small enterprises visage is the wealth. Often they face hitches in raise finance when they open the business. If an industry to be winning, the organization must be fine. As Jerrys notice to the commerce is scarce, he has to employ superstar to run the company. As a boss, the being who undertake the duty should be clever to do preparation, jealous and organising. The major reason for the breakdown of the commerce is need of preparation. This will be determined by put superstar to mange. The moment topic is that the venture has no correct arrangement. Organisational association is the input craze for the victory. If there is no arrangement, the inter-relationship will not be fit distinct. This will be attributable for confusions inside the venture. When there is a arrangement, the workers will interrelate with every other according to that. One of the workers should be in accuse of day to day performance and all the performance should have the books, so that if there is any error, the organization will approach to recognize. The duty has to be kaput down into sector and given to suitable department. Every section should have a boss to direct the workers. All the employees errands and errands should be fined distinct. When the workers are agreed with convinced tasks, they will be enthused, so that the work income speed will go downwards. In order to inspire the workforce, the organization should prize them for their achievement and provide them the credit. They have to believe about the decrease of their possessions and property. By implement all of these data; Jerry can defeat the here state. Even while the sales are rising, the cash flow of the business is less than future. It illustrate that the charge is too high. The running should look for the probable habits to remain the rate downhill. An organisations goal must be to lessen cost and exploit revenue. If they be the rate down, the company will be rewarding. The company have to reject borrow wealth from the banks, so that they would not need to forfeit awareness for the currency that the banks borrow them. How would you review the performance of his business? (1b) In direct to reconsider the presentation of the industry, the work revenue, cash run and sale should be measured. If the work earnings rate is elevated, we can approach to a close that the workforce is not enthused or the work is not attractive. In command to inspire the workers, they should be known with some amount of gratitude and everyday jobs. The organization has loyal some mistake in recruit individuals and charitable them the fitting roles. As a result the workers are not stimulated and that has augmented the struggle earnings. The proprietor and the organization of the corporation have botched to diagram correctly when they begin the company. They have not adopted an organisational arrangement which is a necessary feature of the running. If they had adopted an arrangement, they would have been clever to make the most of their workers. We can review the act by consider the money flood as well. According to the point those are prearranged; the coins flow was awfully fewer. If this ruins, the troupe will face need of cash liquidity. It will formulate a force on fertility. This may pilot them to close the exchange. The fee is too tall and it has through a force on the cash flow. The cost is too high since the concern has lent too many workers. The recital of the business is deprived so distant, because of the neglectful of the running and the employees. They have not capitalised in key subject and which has lead the concern to a tricky state. The sales is rising, from this we can approach to an end that the souk is beautiful. If the business capitalises in its advertising, it can get better on its recital. Help Jerry identify his companys strengths and weaknesses. (1c) SWOT analysis of Zenith healthcare SWOT analysis is used to review the internal aspects of an organisation. By analysing the internal aspects of a business, present position of the company can be identified and the solutions to increase the performance will be taken. S stands for strengths, W stands for weaknesses, O stands for opportunity, and T stands for threats. The positive factors that help the performance of the business are the strengths of that business. Weaknesses are the factors that draw the company back and lead to poor performance. The potential chances to improve the business are opportunities. Threats are the factors which will affect the performance of the company. Strengths Sales are increasing and it illustrates that the business has a good demand among the public. This is strength to the company and it can capitalise on this. It is quite easy to the company to increase the sales further by implementing good marketing strategies. They can advertise the services by using TV, radio, news paper and internet, so that they can make an awareness of the products and services among the public. They have got competent staff in the company. Even though this is a good strength, the company is unable to get the full benefit of this as they do not have a proper structure. Because of having competent staff, the company can achieve the goals easily if they handle the staff well. The owner has good experience in this field as he has been working for NHS. This will strengthen the performance of the company to some extent. Weaknesses The company does not have proper plans and structure. These are the main weaknesses of the company. If there is no planning they cannot conduct the business successfully. Planning is the essential aspect in management and it is the key for the success. They have to estimate the resources that they need to conduct the customer service in a preferable way as a service providing establishment. Organisational structure is the base for the inter-relationship and it determines the performance. If there is no a certain structure there will be plenty of confusions, and the company cannot build the relationship among the employees. Cash flow of the company is less. It means that the transactions are not taking place in a regular basis. The cost is too high, so that the profit will be less. They are unable to keep the cost down. This is also a weakness of the company. This happened because of the lack of attention to the business by the administration. They have hired too many employees and it has a great impact on their cost. The lack in formal qualifications of the employees also will make an adverse impact on their performance to some extent. Opportunities New organisations hesitate to get into this market to establish their business. This is a great opportunity to the company to capitalise on the market. They have enough sales and that provides them an opportunity to make more profit by keeping the cost down. Threats The competition in the market is increasing and some new companies are embarking into the market. If the company fails to do a good marketing, they will lose the sales. In order to overcome this, they have to implement some marketing strategies. Net profit of the company is going down and this may lead the company to further troubles. In order to increase their net profit, they can refrain from borrowing money from the creditors and the banks. They have to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenditures. These are the threats that the company has. Recommended plans to capitalise on the companys strengths, and overcome its weakness. The ways to capitalise on the strengths To maintain and improve the sales, the company has to implement some marketing strategies. They have to advertise and make the public aware of the business. The company should provide a good service to the customers and carry the after sales service well. This will attract the customers and make them stick with the company. At the same time, the recognition that the company gains will help them to compete with the competitors even the competition goes up. If the owner pays enough attention to the business, he can improve his business as he got some experience in this field. Plans to overcome the weaknesses If the company adopts a suitable organisational structure, they can take the full advantage of having competent staff. They have to define the tasks of each employee to get the employees motivated. It is better to have a flat structure which will enable good communication within the organisation. It will also help to get the feedbacks in a quick time. In order to motivate the employees, the company can take some actions such as rewarding them when they succeed and, giving them responsibilities and recognition. When the new employees join the company, the company must provide them proper training, so that they will come to know about the work processes in a quick time. They have to lay off some of the employees who are not effective, so that they will be able to bring the cost down. It will improve their cash flow. They have to repay whatever they owe in the correct period of time and, they have to get the money from their debtors on time. These factors will also improve the cash flow. Jerry has bought you a one-week, return ticket to his holiday home in Florida. He wants you to help him investigate ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened (2b). In order to maintain and strengthen the performance, the owner should review the business often and if he finds any errors, he should fix them. Meetings should be held often and the opinions of everyone should be considered. They must let every now about what happens by providing minutes. As a small business enterprise, it would be preferable to adopt flat structure. They should make sure that a good communication exists within the organisation. They can provide proper training to the employees and assign them suitable tasks. The company has to lay off some of their employees who are not effective or necessary. As a service providing company, they have to mainly focus on customer service. They can use some new technologies to expedite their service and get them effective. They can do the segmentation and target a particular sector to succeed in the market. They can advertise the service on TV, Radio, News paper and Internet. While you are with Jerry, could you also suggest new areas in which his business could be expanded? (2c) Introduction If the business is to be expanded, they can open a new branch where the company can make more profit. When they choose the place where they open the new branch, the management must consider whether the place can be accessed easily. They have to consider about the transportation factors of that particular area where the company will establish its new branch. When the company establish its business in a new area they will have to analyse the following factors. Political factors When they establish their business in a new area, they should make sure that the political situation in that area is conducive for the business. If there is terrorism or political instability in that particular area, it is better to refrain from establishing the business there as it will be much harder to conduct the business successfully in such an area. The company will have to take taxation issues in consideration as well. In some areas the taxations will be too high. They will have to avoid those places if there is not a good market. Economical factors When they open a new branch, they must make sure that the people in that area have the power to buy their goods or services. If the people have the power to buy, the company is going to have a good market. Social factors As a healthcare probably they would not need to analyse the social factors as everybody has to consult healthcare centres. Technological factors They have to consider whether they can have a good internet service in that particular area over which they can operate their business in a quick time. The company must have a network within the establishment as they will have to share everything with their staff. They will have to make sure that they will be able to get competitive advantages by using technologies such as TV and Radio. The message that they convey over those technical factors should reach the public. You realise that the moment has arrive where it would be appropriate for Jerry to review his existing business objectives and plans. Using your initiative, help your friend outline those key areas where attention should be given (3a). Key areas where the attention should be given Cost of products and service (improve the cash inflow) Human resources management (motivating employees and setting objectives to them) Marketing (Advertising and maintaining the sales) Customer service Planning and organising Organisational structure Above mentioned factors deserve some degree of attention and the management should pay their attention to those areas in order to improve the performance of the business. Accordingly, prepare action plans to implement changes (3c). In all the stages of the business, a company needs to make decisions. In that process, companies break down their tasks into small steps and do the planning to accomplish those tasks. The plans which are taken in this process are the action plans. A company may have several goals. Those goals should be broken down and each action should have a timescale. What actions you will take? How you will take action? Who or what will help you? Why you might not take action? When you will take action? Managers of the company should answer these questions when they plan to take actions. The planning process can be broken down into three steps. Understanding where the business is in the present Deciding where should it be Planning how to get there When preparing action plans the following aspects must be considered. Objectives what is the purpose of the action? Priorities whether or not the issue need attention immediately Benefits how the stakeholders are going to be benefitted by the action? Timescales and milestones consider when the action should be taken and the constraints of it. Financial and other resources the cost of the action should be taken into consideration. Responsibilities consider who will take the responsibility of the implementation of the action. Measuring success what will ensure your objectives are achieved and what will you use to measure the outcomes? Action plans to Zenith healthcare Actions to be taken Improve on the customer service Develop an organisational structure Develop marketing strategies Motivate employees Offer training to staff Reduce cost Improve the cash flow Develop the communication within the company Help Jerry assess the possible impact of changes on the business and his management team (4a). They can improve the customer service by expediting the service. In order to do this they have to improve their technology. The company will have to send money on buying new technical equipments. The company should adopt flat structure as a small business enterprise. In order to do this they will have to define the tasks of each employee and develop a culture. When this has been done, all the activities will be systematic. They can develop their marketing strategies by doing segmentation, advertising and promoting. This will let them to gain competitive advantages. The company has to motivate their employees by giving them recognition, rewarding for success and letting them contribute in decisions making. If the employees are motivated, they will do what they are supposed to do with determination. They have to let the new employees undergo a training program, so that it will not take much time to them to identify their roles and responsibilities. The company will have to improve the cash flow and which can be done by paying off creditors, get the money from debtors, reducing cost and maintaining stock. To get the money back from the debtors within the time, the company can give some discounts. In order to reduce cost, they should review all the processes and eliminate unnecessary expenditures. They can maintain the stock by carrying stock taking, also they can recognise the items which do not move and avoid stocking them. They should develop communication within the organisation by conducting meeting often and providing minutes to all of their stake holders. They can use the technology to build a network within the organisation and let the employees to access it. These actions will be helpful to get the feedback as well. Explain to Jerry how the implementation of changes should be managed (4b). Managing changes When a company brings up the changes to its managerial approaches, the management of the company should be particular about that. In the event, the changes have not been properly implemented those changes will push the company into severe difficulties instead of leading to success. In order to make the changes successful, the management has to monitor all the activities closely and carefully. Another important thing when a company brings up the changes is making the stake holders well aware of the purposes of the changes. This will alleviate confusions and conflicts. Team leaders should have the power to influence the employees and convince them of the importance of the changes. Some employees may misinterpret the actions and they may oppose them. Management has to make everyone understand the facts. Jerry is worried that the change process could go wrong. To assuage his fears, explain to Jerry how possible it would be to monitor changes in improvements and performance (4c). The changes should be brought to the business in order to improve on several aspects of business. It is quite compulsory to a business to change the strategies to withstand the fast changing environment. In the event the changes are implemented properly and monitored well, the management has no need to bother about the changes.

Creon - The Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Creon -  The Tragic Hero in Antigone There is still a great debate on who is, in fact, the tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. Many hold that it must be Antigone, herself; after all, the play does bear her name. But in actuality, Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero. In order to determine whether or not Creon is the tragic hero, one will first have to answer the question, â€Å"What is a tragic hero?† Aristotle, when discussing the nature of such a hero in his theory of drama, states that such a hero is neither purely innocent nor purely evil. This person is usually born high in the ranks of society and must also possess a tragic flaw, which originates from within and usually manifests itself through poor judgment and/or extreme arrogance. The tragic flaw also dooms the character to a ruinous end. Creon, as king of Thebes, is at the top of the social ladder. He thus already meets one of Aristotle’s chief criteria. Yet, not only is he king, he is also human and possesses frailties which qualify him to make serious mistakes and he possesses talents which allow him also to excel. Hence, Creon is neither overly good nor bad. It is also written that the tragic hero’s actions may determine the fates of one or more characters within the tragedy. Appropriately, Creon’s station as king place shim in a position of great power, influence and responsibility. The extent of this power was quite evident when he sentenced Antigone to death for disobeying his proclamation. Now we come to what, if anything, is the single most important component of being a tragic hero. Here we have the tragic flaw. Creon’s tragic flaw was his hubris or his pride and arrogance in the face of divine powers. His downfall began when he denied the basic divine right of burial to Polyneices and was cemented when he condemned Antigone for her opposition to his law. When one closely examines Antigone’s reasons for burying her brother, it becomes clear that she was simply demonstrating her love, honor, and loyalty to her family. Creon - The Tragic Hero in Sophocles' Antigone :: Antigone essays Creon -  The Tragic Hero in Antigone There is still a great debate on who is, in fact, the tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. Many hold that it must be Antigone, herself; after all, the play does bear her name. But in actuality, Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero. In order to determine whether or not Creon is the tragic hero, one will first have to answer the question, â€Å"What is a tragic hero?† Aristotle, when discussing the nature of such a hero in his theory of drama, states that such a hero is neither purely innocent nor purely evil. This person is usually born high in the ranks of society and must also possess a tragic flaw, which originates from within and usually manifests itself through poor judgment and/or extreme arrogance. The tragic flaw also dooms the character to a ruinous end. Creon, as king of Thebes, is at the top of the social ladder. He thus already meets one of Aristotle’s chief criteria. Yet, not only is he king, he is also human and possesses frailties which qualify him to make serious mistakes and he possesses talents which allow him also to excel. Hence, Creon is neither overly good nor bad. It is also written that the tragic hero’s actions may determine the fates of one or more characters within the tragedy. Appropriately, Creon’s station as king place shim in a position of great power, influence and responsibility. The extent of this power was quite evident when he sentenced Antigone to death for disobeying his proclamation. Now we come to what, if anything, is the single most important component of being a tragic hero. Here we have the tragic flaw. Creon’s tragic flaw was his hubris or his pride and arrogance in the face of divine powers. His downfall began when he denied the basic divine right of burial to Polyneices and was cemented when he condemned Antigone for her opposition to his law. When one closely examines Antigone’s reasons for burying her brother, it becomes clear that she was simply demonstrating her love, honor, and loyalty to her family.

The Soyuz 11 Space Disaster: a Case Study in Engineering Disasters

The Soyuz 11 Space Disaster: A Case Study in Engineering Disasters ENGG 123 November 20, 2011 ABSTRACT In 1971, Soyuz 11 was the first manned spaceship to contact the first space station. As the astronauts were preparing to re-enter the earth's atmosphere the crew cab depressurized and the astronauts were killed within seconds. This paper will discuss the events that happened and how they were investigated. It will also discuss how the disaster affected future engineering decisions regarding the Soyuz missions as well as other future space adventures. i Table of ContentsAbstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. i Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ii List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iii 1. 0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. 1 What Happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. 1 What Went Wrong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 3. 2 What Was Learned†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 4. 0 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 List of Figures Figure 2. 1: a) a view of Soyuz 11 docked b) a view of Soyuz 11 taking off (Space Facts, n. . )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Figure 2. 2: a) seating chart for the astronauts b) the three astronauts inside Soyuz 11 c) astronauts preparing for takeoff (Space Facts, . n. d)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Figure 3. 1: a) map of the landing route for Soyuz 11 (Svens Space Page, n. d. )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Figure 3. 2: a) Soyuz 11 after landing b) workers covering up the astronauts.. 7 ii Figure 3. : a) Funeral held for the three Soyuz 11 astronauts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 1. 0 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide background and information on the Soyuz 11 space disaster. This disaster occurred in 1971 and took the lives of three astronau ts who took part in the first successful visit to the world's first space station. This paper will provide insight on how the disaster actually happened, what the causes were of this disastrous event. It will provide insight on how the events that occurred were investigated and also what was learned from these events and what changed. 2. 1 What HappenedUnless otherwise stated the information in this section is provided from About. com(n. d. ) 1 Salyut 1, a space station made by the Soviets was the first space station to ever be made. It was launched on April 19, 1971. It was a large cylinder with three compartments, could be used with or without people inside of it and it could only dock one spacecraft at a time. The primary use of this space station was to study the effects of long term space travel on a human body, as well as studying effects on growing plants.On April 19, 1971 Soyuz 10 was the first spacecraft to attempt a mission out to the space station however this mission wa s unsuccessful. As the space craft attempted to dock it failed so the astronauts had to return to earth. On the return the ships air supply turned toxic but only one man passed out, all three astronauts recovered fully. On 2 June 6, 1971 Soyuz 11 embarked on a journey to the space station. This ship was originally supposed to be manned by Valery Kubasov, Alexei Leonov, and Pyotr Kolodin. Just before the launch, Valery Kubasov was suspected to have tuberculosis so this crew was replaced by three other men.They were: Georgi Dobrovolski, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev. Soyuz 11 successfully reached the space station and managed to hand dock the ship once they were within 100 metres. Once docked, problems began to take over the mission. Instruments and telescopes were not working, cramped space made it hard to work, and personalities were clashing. A small fire had even broke out at one point. This is when the crew decided to cut the mission six days short and go home. Right afte r Soyuz 11 undocked and made its way back to earth, all communication with the crew was lost.This happened much earlier than was to be expected. The ship made its way to earth and was discovered on June 29, 1971. When it was opened, all three members of the crew were found dead. The following images are from Space Facts(n. d. ) Figure 2. 1: a) a view of Soyuz 11 docked b) a view of Soyuz 11 taking off (Space Facts, n. d. ) a b Figure 2. 2: a) seating chart for the astronauts b) the three astronauts inside Soyuz 11 c) astronauts preparing for takeoff (Space Facts, n. d) abc 3 3. 1 What Went Wrong Unless otherwise stated the facts provided in this section come from Engineering Failures(n. . ) All the people on earth at the time thought this was a normal re-entry of a space craft. However upon opening the capsule the discovered differently. It was obvious to the people there that the crew had suffocated. Located between the orbital module and the descent module was a ventilation valve. As the two modules had been separated this valve was forced open. The two modules were connected via explosive bolts, these bolts were intended to fire sequentially or one after the other, but they actually fired simultaneously or at the same time.Because of this there was extra force put onto internal parts of the space craft. The ventilation valve had been jerked open by all this extra force. This valve was intended to automatically adjust cabin pressure but because it was actually opened in outer space the cabin pressure of the space craft very quickly reached zero, a fatal pressure for the cabin to be at. This valve was located underneath of the astronauts chairs making it impossible for them solve the problem. One of the astronauts was wearing a suit with biomedical sensors that showed he died within 40 seconds of the pressure loss.It only took 935 seconds for the cabin to reach a pressure of zero. 4 The facts in the next paragraph are from abyss. uoregon. edu(n. d. ) What cau sed all this to go wrong was a poor design. It should have been placed in a more accessible place. When thoughts were going into its design it was thought that it would only need to be used in an emergency, however no one thought what would be happening that it would need to be closed. The valve was intended for emergency but proved no use in the emergency because it was inaccessible.This problem could have been solved if the design team performed more tests, however it is impossible for a design team of a safety device to know every single situation that could happen. The following is a quote from Geoff Perry, Senior Science Master at Kettering Grammar School. 5 â€Å"I picked up my first signals for over 7 days on 28 June around 2110 UT   – Salyut on 20. 008 MHz and assumed that recovery would take place on 29 June around 2000 UT. Consequently I set the alarm clock for 3. a. m. BST hoping to see two objects indicating that Soyuz-11 had separated from Salyut   but that was not to be.We had no signals during 29 June and when 2000 UT came and went I went off watch, but, fortunately, left the time switch to do the pass at 2230 and 0300 UT. I did not believe that the Russians would worry about a recovery in darkness at this time of the year, considering their usual precision landings. However, they did worry and Soyuz-11 went two extra revs to give a daylight recovery. The time switch recorded signals 45 s after it had operated with LOS at 2247:15 +/- 15 s (allowing for possible variations in mains frequency affecting the clockwork).Peter Bentley had banked on a daylight recovery and was listening at Menai Bridge and gives LOS at 2247:27 +/- 1 s (or, as he says, +/- 5 s for 99% accuracy). I have therefore adopted 2247:25 +/- 5 s as LOS and the time of separation of the descent module and instrument module. The tragedy must have occurred minutes, or even only seconds, later. Telemetry at LOS was normal for a Soyuz recovery†. (Svens Space Page, n. d. ) The following is a map taken from Svens Space Page (n. d. ) showing what information the Kettering group had received from Soyuz 11. Figure 3. : a) map of the landing route for Soyuz 11 (Svens Space Page, n. d. ) a 6 The following are images from after Soyuz 11 landed. Figure 3. 2: a) Soyuz 11 after landing b) workers covering up the astronauts a b Figure 3. 3: a) Funeral held for the three Soyuz 11 astronauts a 3. 2 What Was Learned 7 After this terrible and fatal accident much thought and consideration went into the next missions. First off the USSR never again attempted to send astronauts to the Salyut 1 space station. Eventually Salyut 1 was deorbited and burnt up. It took more than two years for another man mission to be attempted About. om(n. d. ) The Soyuz spacecraft went through a lot of modifications. The first main difference was that it was redesigned to only carry two astronauts instead of three. This allowed more room inside which allowed for the astronauts to wea r space suits during the launch and the landing. The Soyuz capsule remained this way until a new design in 1980 which allowed three astronauts. 4. 0 Summary The Soyuz 11 space disaster was an extremely unfortunate event. Three astronauts died from a malfunction that should have been fixable. This is a