Judging Words Not Fidgets Essay Example for Free

Judging Words Not Fidgets Essay â€Å"Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets† is a short essay written by Benedict Carey. It explores how in police interrogations, interviewers can use words to decide if people are lying more than looking at their physical movements. Traditionally, police have used lie detector tests and underhanded techniques to force suspects and witnesses to give confessions. This author cites research and experiments to show that analyzing how a witness communicates can be indicative of his/her honesty. This essay explains how different, less aggressive interrogating techniques, can be more helpful than forceful types of questioning. It points out that sometimes suspects can learn to â€Å"cheat† on a polygraph and that liars may not have different body language than those that are being truthful. This essay has many strengths. One is the author’s use of entertaining phrases and questions at the beginning, which helps to engage the reader. Anybody that has watched Law and Order or CSI has seen the type of interrogation where the police lie to the suspects to get them to confess. The opening makes a connection with the reader in an entertaining way and that is a strength of this essay. There are also many examples of research that have been used to tell if people are lying; this indicates that the writer is informed and makes him credible. The reader has confidence in the author’s information. This essay is short and easy to read, which is a huge positive. When essays are long, they tend to take the reader out of the mindset needed to maintain interest. The author points out how police are altering their techniques to make use of this research, so the application aspect of this research is interesting. While there are many strengths to this essay, there are a few weaknesses as well. The biggest weakness is in the amount of time spent reading names of psychologists and researchers that have studied body language, interview techniques, and lying. While it is understood that it is a requirement that researchers’ names be cited, it takes away from the entertainment value and becomes more like reading a research paper and can be boring in those sections. Another minor weakness is the mention of the TV show Columbo at the end of the essay. While the character in that show may have used some of the techniques from the research, many contemporary readers may not be familiar with him. â€Å"Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets† is a short, easy read. It is also very interesting since most readers have seen police interviews on TV and in the movies and are familiar with some of the techniques fictitious officers use. Also, with all of the reality shows on TV today, many readers may have seen real interviews taking place. With readers having some knowledge of the topic, it is very interesting. While there are a few minor weaknesses of this essay, overall, it is entertaining and engages the audience. Works Cited Carey, Benedict. Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets. 2009. The McGraw-Hill Reader: Issues across the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Mueller. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. 9-12. Print.

Haagen Dazs A Successful Ice Cream Brand Marketing Essay

Haagen Dazs A Successful Ice Cream Brand Marketing Essay Haagen-Dazs is a successful organization which is an ice cream brand owned by General Mills and sold under the Nestle licensing brand in the United States. Reuben Mattus is the founder of Haagen-Dazs in Bronx, New York in 1961. He was a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest and purest ice cream. Initially, he worked in his mothers ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream in the streets of the Bronx in New York. In order to produce the finest ice cream, he insisted on using the finest and purest ingredients. By 1960, Reuben Mattus was supported by his wife Rose. He decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision and called his brand as Haagen-Dazs. Therefore, the name of Haagen-Dazs was come from Reuben Mattus. Reuben Mattus had a daughters Doris. She opened the first Haagen-Dazs shop in 1976. It was an immediate success and it become very popular led to a rapid expansion in a short period of time across the country. In 1983, Reuben Mattus agreed to sell his company- Haagen-Dazs to The Pillsbury Company, which still remained committed to the tradition superior of quality of ice cream. (HDIP.Inc) History of Baskin Robbins Baskin Robbins is an invention by two brothers-in-law; they are Mr. Burt Baskin and Mr. Irv Robbins. The main reasons motivate them to create this brand is because both of them hope can open an innovative ice-cream store that can be a good place for every family member can be gather together and this can improve the relationship between the parents and their children. These two brothers-in-law in deep love with the old fashioned ice-cream and they expect can use the highest quality of material to produce many different ice-cream flavors for their customer. In the year of 1954, Baskin Robbins defeats their competitors at the Los Angeles Country Fair and won their first Gold Medal, and then in subsequent of year, the prize of Gold Medal also wins by Baskin Robbins Ice Cream. In the mid year of 1960, Baskin Robbins has been opening more than 400 stores in United States. In year 1970, it expand their business over the United States with open their stores in many different country such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, Korea and Australia. 1.2 Companys objective In every Haagen-Dazs shop, their objective is to make your experience with us as pleasurable as possible. Every product in Haagen-Dazs is from only the finest and purest ingredients in the world. Well trained staff will gladly assist their customer in choose from extensive menu. (Haagen-Dazs) Similarly, the objective of Baskin Robbins is to provide every customer can have a deep impression and deliciously fun after enjoy the Baskin Robbins ice-cream and intend to stay Malaysians Favorite Premium Ice Cream in every way. 1.3 Board of Directors Nestle has acquired General Mills fifty percent ownership stake in Ice Cream Partners USA. The Board of Directors in Nestle S.A was Peter Brabeck-Letmathe. He is an Austrian, born in Villach on November 13, 1944. (Nestlà © 2001) On the other hand, the president of Baskin Robbins is Mr. Anthony J. Gioia and it chief brand operating office is Srinivas Kumar. The organizations 2.1 The brands / Types of products. There have different types of products sell in Haagen-Dazs that is including ice cream, ice cream bars, ice cream cakes, sorbet and frozen yogurt. (HDIP. Inc) Similarly, Baskin Robbins not only sell ice-cream, they also sell many types of dessert product like soft serve, sundaes, beverages and cakes. (Baskin Robbins) 2.2 Slogan and Logo The Slogan of Haagen-Dazs is Made like no other, which is mean only using the finest ingredients and offering the best ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbet. The ice cream of Haagen-Dazs that is always available for the health conscious. (eHow.Inc 2010) The slogan for Baskin Robbins is 31 flavors. This idea is propose by Carson-Roberts, the advertising agency in year 1953. (Baskin Robbins 2010) 2.3 Current business development Haagen-Dazs is a famous brand of ice cream around the world. It is starting with only three flavors which are vanilla, chocolate and coffee. In 1976, the company opened their first retail shop in New York and offered franchises throughout the United States and 54 other countries around the world. (Wikipedia 2010) Nowadays, Baskin Robbins had already open 2,500 stores in USA and 2,500 stores in different country such as Australia, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Middle East, Puerto Rico, Russia and UK. It also provides more than 1000 flavors of ice-cream. Baskin Robbins lead their employee to have an opportunity to develop their ability and creativity when make a decoration to the cakes and improve their interpersonal skills when communicate with customer and even their own managerial skills. Marketing strategies 3.1 How do they market their products? The purpose of a marketing strategy is to facilitate a business to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Haagen-Dazs had adopted Marketing Mix strategies in their business. Nowadays, Haagen-Dazs had done some promotion by uses print adverts to attract customers worldwide. They have more focused on the pleasure of customer when they eating ice cream which is made from finest and purest ingredients in the world. They advertising on the focused on fact that after consumer consumed their ice cream still can maintain a great body and have a purest ingredients without add on money for it. (MM 2005) However, Baskin Robbins also do some promotion activities and campaign like do a discount promotion. They are more focused on give discount for customer to purchase more. For example when customer purchase ice-cream above RM 15, they can purchase a scoop of ice-cream at RM 0.31 only. Beside, every 31st of the month, Baskin Robbins would give 31% of discount on hand-packed ice-creams. Furthermore, to cheer up every Wednesday as a Pink Day, from 1 March until 31 March every Wednesday, when customer go to Baskin Robbins store they only need to show up anything which i s pink colour to the staff then can get a double scoop of ice-cream for a price of one single regular scoop, is pay only RM7.50 to get 2 of your favourite flavors. Place is the location which allows the organisation to spread the products and services for the customers. All Haagen-Dazss shop or cafes are usually located on prime streets or malls where there have many young adults. Besides, Haagen-Dazs always located at petrol pumps and other convenient areas where customers they can pick a scoop of ice cream while they on go. Beside, Haagen-Dazs shop or cafe always providing comfortable seat for customers and couples, bar tools, dim light bulb, rich colours to create an ambience of intimacy and love. (MM 2005) In the same way, most of the Baskin Robbins stores located in shopping malls as well where there have many young adults, family and children. Baskin Robbins stores always decorate with rich colours and provide comfortable seat for their customers. Haagen-Dazs and Baskin Robbins also distributes their products to other market like Giant, Jusco, Carrefour and etcetera, so that it is more convenience for customer to buy their ice cream in ev ery way. Price is the amount which is paid by the customer to exchange the product and service. Most of the organization offers a low price to attract customer towards its product and service and also attempt to capture the target market based on cost differentiation. However, Haagen-Dazs focused on providing finest and purest ingredients. There is no price discounts or special offers in Haagen-Dazs, for purest ingredients and heath conscious, Haagen-Dazs have not reduced price to try attracting customers. Similarly, the ice cream of Baskin Robbins is a premium ice cream with high quality ingredients. Therefore, the way of Baskin Robbins to pricing their product is higher than other ice cream such as Wall, Nestle, and Cornetto. Haagen-Dazs has produce different type of products like ice cream, ice cream bars, ice cream cakes, sorbet and frozen yogurt. They always ensure their product to maintain the luxurious taste and high quality associated with their brand by using finest and purest ingredients. It ensuring that fresh cream is used for rich creamy flavor, fresh skimmed, fresh egg-yolk and etcetera to produce a high quality ice cream. (MM 2005) They advertise that their ice cream by ensuring their ice cream is perfectly rich in finest and purest ingredients because it contains no excess air. Further, Haagen-Dazs ice cream are unlike others brands, it is no artificial colours are used. Haagen-Dazs prefers to use better natural ingredients and make sure that is healthy and safety for customers use. Baskin Robbins has also come out variety of products like ice-cream, sundaes, beverages and cakes. Whereas, they continuously do more research and development to create new flavor of ice cream every month. Like t he new flavor for this month- March is Caramel Praline Cheesecake. Nowaday, they already have more than thousand flavors of ice-cream. They also use a low fat chocolate to make their ice-cream which provide for a customer who are mad about chocolate flavor but want to maintain their body. Customer can get the dietary and nutrition information of each product, especially for the person more stress on a good health. 3.2 Advertising methods Haagen-Dazs advertisement always will be located in a high traffic area where customers will be easy catch by the advertisement through the advertisement board. Customers also will be reached through advertisements such as fliers, newspaper advertisement and through its grand opening ceremonies. Their marketing program will also be incorporated by offering special coupon prices for nearly restaurants, hotels, and shops to customers who purchase any single product at Haagen-Dazs. Major marketing will be contacted through newspaper advertisements, magazines, and flier distribution. In the same way, Baskin Robbins has adopted same advertising methods with Haagen-Dazs which is advertised through the billboard, fliers, magazines, newspapers and etcetera. Future Plans of the organization On 6 Jan 2010, Baskin Robbins makes an announcement that they already open a franchise sale in Miami, Florida, because like nowadays only two Baskin Robbins stores in Miami areas, so they expect can expand their business in this area. Salman Siddiqui, vice president of global business development, Baskin Robbins said that they will continue to provide a high-quality ice cream especially frozen desserts and beverages to deal with a higher demand in Dade and Broward countries. (PR Newswire 2010) In 1999, General Mills entered an agreement with Nestle which combined their ice cream brands in the United State in a 50/50 joint venture. (Decision news media 2001)In the future, Haagen-Dazs also have a plan to open new markets in Turkey, Egypt, and in the Gulf States and they hope can opening two to four shops in Cumberland Country locations by the end of the year. (Joe Green 2010) Conclusion The world is changing very fast; there are many competitors in the market leading to higher competition nowadays. Focus on differentiation would achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Differentiation could arise from a wide range of areas of an organization, such as, products, pricing, brands, promotion and geographic location. Price is crucial for customer to decide which same products but different brands are worth to purchase. Most of the company would search for low cost material to earn more profit. However, The Haagen-Dazs was differs from other companies. Haagen-Dazs are more focused on the pleasure of customer when they eating ice cream which is made from finest and purest ingredients. Consequently, the company becomes a super-premium brand like its product is only made from natural and purest ingredients without any artificial colourings, stabilizers or stabilizers. (Stat Counter 2008) On the other hand, Baskin Robbins is more focused on giving discount for customers. They want to provide great product for their customer with cheaper price; therefore they always have many promotions like customer can enjoy 31% of discount in every month have 31st day. Furthermore, Baskin Robbins always has many activities function such as to cheer up every Wednesday as a Pink Day, that is a way to create customers interesting toward their brand and product. Customers might feel that is interest and worth to participant to get cheaper ice cream. ( Go Out Eat 2010) Haagen-Dazs has focused on purest and finest ingredient with higher price, they has always targeted the adult market. Adults were financially independent and could make purchase decisions on their own. One of the reasons behind the brands success was the companys emphasis on market research to understand the consumers preferences, desires, and needs. Whereas, the target market of Baskin Robbins are family and children. Most of the children would like to choose Baskin Robbins because of the rich colours of Baskin Robbins is very attractive and the price is cheaper than Haagen-Dazs. The shop of Baskin Robbins can be a good place for every family member can gather together and this can improve the relationship between the parents and their children. Place is very important for company to spread their products and services for the customer. Haagen-Dazs and Baskin Robbins usually located on town, prime streets and shopping malls where there have many young adults and children. Similarly, Haagen-Dazs and Baskin Robbins have same idea which provides a comfortable environment for customers. After shopping, they can relax and enjoy their tea time in the cafà © of Haagen-Dazs or Baskin Robbins. The edge of Haagen-Dazs and Baskin Robbins is emphasis on customers needs, desire, and wants. Haagen-Dazs and Baskin Robbins also distributes their products to supermarket, so that it is more convenience for customer to buy their ice cream in every way. If discuss about flavor, the Baskin Robbins have more choices for customer compare to Haagen-Dazs because nowadays they already have more than 1000 flavors of ice-cream and every month they will create a new flavor. Haagen-Dazs has an intense focus on developing an internal and external marketing strategy. They obtained their current competitive advantage to establish premium pricing from using finest and purest ingredients to come out product excellence. They also invested in consumer research to understand the preferences and taste of their customers. (MM 2005) The brand image of the product is very important, Haagen-Dazs is do more better for this part, the outlook for their product it will let people feel like very classy. And their brand logo and color also give people the royal impression and will think that they are as true ice-cream connoisseurs. For the brand image of Baskin Robbins, for the view of people especially for family members, they will think that it is a good place they can gathering for their children like in Sunday-family day. (PeopaLove Brand Talk 2009)

Business Environment At Mahindra And Mahindra Commerce Essay

Business Environment At Mahindra And Mahindra Commerce Essay The company was established in 1945 with the assembly line of Willy s jeep in India and now it is a 7.1 billion Indian and multinational company all across the globe. The main motive of the company is to become the global leader in the field they enter. They have more than 100000 employers employed in their company all across the globe and enjoy leadership in the utility vehicles, tractors and in the Information technology sector and also now they have entered the 2 wheeler segment in India they trying to become the global leaders in that also as the existing big 2 wheeler market players. It also has its presence in financial sector, tourism sectors, infrastructure sector, logistic and trade sector. Mahindra is the only Indian company with full range f tractors all across the globe and market leader in its CVs, MUVs, SUVs and SEDAN. Mahindra company recently took a major stake of the REVA the electric car to enter the electric car market segment is now known as Mahindra Reva in the segment and all over. Mahindra also entered the information and technology segment by taking a hostile takeover of SATYAM TECH CO LTD. In India to get a global market leadership in the information technology sector and show some skills in the sector. Also it took over the KINETIC INDIA PRIVATE LTD. Company the one of the best in the 2 wheeler segments as to enter the 2 wheeler markets and now the company is known as Mahindra 2 wheelers so as to become the global leader in the country and all across. The company is one amongst the A+ rated companies in the GRI list of rating companies in 2008-09. (http://www.mahindra.com/OurGroup/Overview.html) COOPERATE GOVERNANCE:- à  The cooperate governance code means to achieve best out of everything and to give best of the benefit to the stake holders and to the context to achieve the best performance environment in the market and in the cooperate world. According to Mahindra and Mahindra governance is not just system, metrics, processes .according to the company it is inheriting itself with beliefs, its culture, values, and motives and its ethics leading to transparency and accountability which is good governance according to the company. When there was hit of recession in the country there was a flood of legal notifications firing of people and a new set of rules and regulations were made but there was no change in the Mahindra and Mahindra company because they follow a good cooperate governance and also a good set of legislation reforms which make the company different from the other companies. The company follows a code of conduct which are made by director of the company and by the senior management and employees and those are:- 1. Director shall not take for themselves personally any business opportunities that belong to the Company or are discovered through the use of corporate property, information or position. 2. Director shall not corporate property, information or position for personal gain. 3. Director shall represent the interests of the shareholders of the Company 4. Director shall exhibit high standards of integrity, commitment and independence of thought and judgement 5. Director shall dedicate adequate time, energy and attention to ensure the diligent performance of his/her duties including making all reasonable efforts to attend Board or Committee Meeting 6. Director shall comply with every provision of this Code. (http://www.mahindra.com/OurGroup/CODEOFCONDUCTFORDIRECTORS.pdf) Cooperate governance code for management and employees:- Management will ensure that the company is running under sound economic environment principles and is working properly with a balanced allocation of resources to support the companies responsibilities to each stake holder of the company. System and policies should be transparent and should be known to everyone and shall be known to everyone. The management would take out only those business processes or approve only those business processes that are strong and robust so as they are judicious and worthful. The management committee is committed to seeking long term profits with no compromises. The decision towards employees should be transparent and should not be done due to its caste, creed, gender, religion or handicap of the employee. Every employee would be given the task which is best suited to it and is favoured to it and is capable of doing it. The employees can give new ideas and they are welcome and rewarded for their new ideas in the company. Employees will be provided safe and healthy environment and with full time devotion towards them. (http://www.mahindra.com/OurGroup/CODEFORSENIORMGMTCL49.pdf) Long term Sustainability of Mahindra and Mahindra:- à   Environmental changes and societal changes in the economy and in the market Mahindra and Mahindra Company have eagerly entered into new risk markets like the information sector and in the 2 wheeler market for more avenues and revenues from the market and benefiting the company. The Mahindra and Mahindra Companys sustainability is strategically is integrating in the business ventures and making intrinsic decision making processes. In the last three years the sustainability of the company has traversed from intentions to commitments and from commitments to road ramps that is fulfilment of commitments and then presenting in front of the consumers to fulfil their expectations. The company after integrating and controlling the environmental factors and social factors of business and management is able to establish a connection between financial and strategic and sustainability directions of the business. (http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra%20CSR%202009-10/sustainabilityHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/sustainabilitycontext.aspHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/sustainabilitycontext.aspus/sustainabilitycontext.asp) The sustainability structure is divided into 3 tier system:- One tier:- à  It comprises of senior members of committee that is the senior board of directors which handle the management of the company and also take care of the stake holders report and the company stake. It is also called as cooperate sustainability council . Middle tier :- à  It is the back bone of the company as it handles all the sustainability initiatives like:- 1. To ensure the approved strategies are in action 2. To purpose strategies, action plans, scoping of the report to the sustainability council. 3. To develop plans to all the sector of the groups. 4. Ensuring share of knowledge and capacity team building among each sectors and monitoring and collecting data from each sector. Also known as the cooperate sustainability cell 3. Third tier:- à  The sector consists of a team of 8 to 10 members which collect all the data and analyze the data and monitoring the data. They are responsible for:- 1. Coordination between the sustainability council 2. Differntiating the information with respect to the data collection of the core team collection. 3. Ensuring all the complied data with respect to the sustainability initiatives including the G.R.I UNIT. This tier is also known as sustainability champions (http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra%20CSR%202009-10/sustainabilityHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/sustainabilitystructure.aspHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/sustainabilitystructure.aspus/sustainabilitystructure.asp) There are certain factors which are affecting the company and its business in the market. Those factors are:- Political factors à  The political factors which are affecting the company is that participation of the employees of the company in political parties that is the company does not allow itself in the involvement of any political party but it allows its employees to participate which is a wrong process it affects the image of the company as the employer is representing the company when he or she is participating in the political violence or non violence activities this would affect the company s reputation and also the affairs in the market. Few factors related to the industry are:- 100%fdi policy Change in taxation policy Subsidy from loans of government. Regaining dynamism a key goal of eleventh five year plan. (http://www.slideshare.net/sitansusekharsahu/strategic-analysis-of-mahindra) 2.Economical factors:- à  Economic factors means utilisation of the resources in the fullest so as there is no wastage of resources while producing the product but there were various causes affecting the economical conditions of the company ,increasing cost of raw material is the biggest threat for the company and also the regulatory norms imposed to safe guard the environment ,fuel efficiency less use of more smoking vehicles ,volatility in financial market, escalation of raw material market, effect of the supply chain in the market are few causes affecting the economic stability of the company. Social factors:- à  Socially the company works for different group to promote its brand and to create a good image in the market so as people see the company in good reason; the company goes hand in hand to fulfil its social responsibility for the economy and also the everyday business responsibility The company gives 1% of the after tax profit to the CSR (cooperate social responsibility) group which is the group created by the Mahindra and Mahindra company to help the people around them and to boost up the economy and give other people a new chance. The initiative of the group created is to help the disadvantaged section of the society and the company, like people who are uneducated help them to educate and people who are good in something improve their skills and help them to boost up in the world they are in and gain confidence in themselves. They created another group called ECOPS that is a group of employers social responsibility group in which the employee is benefitted in it that is the employer kids and family are made to get educated and given work to do and their children are send to schools where they study and are made to things they like to do .The CSR group also helps the people to give them financial support and also give the shelter who dont have shelter and also the group keeps in touch with the nongovernmental organisation to help people, they come up organisations to save girl child and mid day meals in school and to their employees to keep them happy ,helping flooded areas in India and also helping the crippled people and cochlear people so to promote the brand of the company and help the country socially and economically . (http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra%20CSR%202009-10/sustainabilityHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/socialresponsibility.aspHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/socialresponsibility.aspus/socialresponsibility.asp) 4. Technological factor:- à  New technology can create new products and new innovations in the market and also it helps in reducing the cost of the product and also it helps in getting a new product launched in the market to become the leader in the market, Sometimes the new technologies in the industry leads to reduce in the life cycle of the product . The factors affecting the production due to new technology are:- new innovation in the technology or continuous innovation n the technology renewable energy development (http://www.slideshare.net/sitansusekharsahu/strategic-analysis-of-mahindra) 5. Environmental factors:- à  The environmental factors of the company matter the company a lot as the company depends on the environment of the company and also the environment outside the company as the company uses the go green policy that is less use of carbon producing products so as it does not disturb the social and economic environment of the country and the place they are working in .the products produced in the company are made n such a way that the environment is also safe and less of carbon monoxide is produced from the commodities they are producing for the consumer and the product does not harm the consumer .the company s initiative is on green building and alternative fuel front. They are focussing on green building and fuel efficient products for the consumers and energy efficient products. (http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra%20CSR%202009-10/sustainabilityHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/environmentresp.aspHYPERLINK http://www.mahindra.com/sustainability/Mahindra CSR 2009-10/sustainabilityus/environmentresp.aspus/environmentresp.asp) 6. Legal factors:- à  As the company is globally situated and work in different countries so legal changes happening in the world or in the other parts and also in the country can affect the company a lot. There are certain legal changes which have happened in recent years in the economy globally and have affected various firms globally. the legal systems can affect the cost of the product and also the production of the product produced by the company .the legal system can also affect the demand of the product produced by the company. To avoid various problems the company has accepted various factors to go through legal systems like:- collaboration with government in various shapes of policy agricultural policy bank system policy (http://www.slideshare.net/sitansusekharsahu/strategic-analysis-of-mahindra)

Age Of Reform In America Essay -- essays research papers

American reform movements in the early to mid 1800’s strived at improving our developing society. America was growing larger, and with the expanding population, many new ideas sprang up. Conflicting opinions between the people of the United States caused the emergence of an Age of Reform, where people tried to change things such as the educational system and women’s rights. These movements were the result of our nation’s self-determination and interest in improving the society we live in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between the 1820’s and 1860’s, Americans were trying new things and promoting different ideas and ways of thinking. Once such idea is that of a utopian society. A utopian society, simple put, means a perfect society. There are many examples of experiments at utopian society in the 1800’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Ripley endeavored to create one of the first utopian societies in West Roxberry, Massachusetts. The community was called Brook Farm, and was established in 1841. Everyone in the community shared labor and leisure time equally. Ripley believed that leisure was the most important step to understanding yourself. The problem with Brook Farm was that the residents ended up believing in a form of communism, despite its objective of being a community where the individual would be able to become ‘whole’. A fire late in 1847 caused the community to disband and separate. Brook Farm is important because not only was it one of the first utopian society experiments in the 1800’s, but it proved that people were confident about trying new things. Critics of Brook Farm said that the point of the community was nothing more than the desire to become better than other people. This demonstrates that (even though it failed) Brooke Farm was created solely for t he purpose of bettering the way in which people lived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1948, John Humphrey founded another utopian experiment in Oneida, New York. This was another important utopian society experiment in the 1800’s. In this society, children were raised by the whole community, and businesses were run by the whole community. In other words, everyone who lived there was part of one big family. The Oneida experiment grew fairly large over 30 years, including over 200 peopl... ...forbade black education. Besides that, very little of the white population went to schools anyway. Establishing school systems in these areas was a tricky job. Despite problems in the South and West with education, America had grown into a more learned nation. Over 80% of the population (excluding the slavery population) were literate, compared with a much lower literacy rate prior to the 1800’s. Americans had once again worked hard in order to enhance their societies’ standards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Age of Reforms was a period in which many changes were made to improve the way in which people lived at the time. Utopian experiments were attempts at creating a flat out perfect sociological structure. Reforms in women’s rights made strides in making basic civil liberties available to not just men, but females as well. Lastly, reforms in the educational systems of America provided more hope for future generations by making our country a more intelligent nation. All of these accomplishments demonstrate how the Age of Reforms was a period in which America improved by leaps and bounds in the process of turning it into what we know it as today.

The History of Kingston Penitentiary :: Canada

The History of Kingston Penitentiary Kingston Penitentiary is located on the shore of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. It has served as the main symbol of punishment in Canadian society. Penitentiary Houses were first created in Great Britain in 1779. It was on June 1, 1835 that Kingston Penitentiary formerly known as the Provincial Penitentiary admitted its first six inmates. It represented a new world of confinement that removed the convict from his community and regimented his life. It introduced society to a new notion of punishment and reform. (Curtis et al, 1985) People expect a penitentiary to hold inmates, especially dangerous ones, for as long as the court determines they should serve. Kingston Penitentiary has been doing that for many years. But it has also dedicated to the reform of inmates. What that means has changed dramatically over time. (Curtis et al, 1985) The first inmate to enter Kingston Penitentiary was Mathew Tavender who was sentenced to serve three years for grand larceny. He was placed in cell number four and was put two work as a stonecutter two days later. He was whipped on August 30, 1835 which was three months after his arrival, along with inmate number two, John Hamilton. John Hamilton was sentenced to three years for felony. He was made a stonecutter on his third day and then a mason. Both he and Mathew Tavender were whipped together which may imply they tried to make contact with each other, this was strictly forbidden. Inmate number three was Edward Middlehurst who was sentenced to five years for grand larceny but was actually released. He was the first carpenter at the penitentiary but after a year got sick and was moved to another cell. He is not on record on the roster after he was sick for three months, so whatever he had must have been contagious. He may have received a pardon which was a common way to deal with sick convicts. It was felt that it was better for diseased people to stay outside of the prison walls so the sickness would not spread to the others. The penitentiary was not equipped to deal with death because it had no cemetery but still had to pay for a gravedigger if someone died on the inside. John O'Rourke, inmate number four was sentenced to five years for grand larceny. He received his first rawhide beating two short weeks after his arrival.

The Partridge Family :: essays research papers

If you were alive 30 years ago you probably can recall those Friday nights when you were sitting in front of the television set during prime time watching a widowed mother and her five children who charmed America and broke a generation gap with their groovy, bubble gum sounding tunes. You probably would also know that "The Partridge Family," with its something for everyone cast and groovy tunes, took over America as an instant success in the fall of 1970.The Partridge Family was the 70s successor to the Monkees who were a mid 60s hit. Both the Monkees and the Partridge Family were fictional rock/pop bands produced by a television branch of Columbia Pictures called Screen Gems, but unlike the Monkees, the Partridge Family strictly was about wholesome and traditional family values. (UBL.com)The famous cast included screen and stage veteran Shirley Jones who played the mother, Shirley Partridge. Shirley Jones had been in numerous plays and movies including Rodgers and Hammerstien’s "Oklahoma!", "The Music Man", "The Big Slide", and the 1960 film version of Elmer Gantry which won her an Academy Award for her role as a prostitute. In 1956, Shirley Jones married actor Jack Cassidy who was the father of her future co-star David Cassidy. Born April 12, 1950 in New York City, David Cassidy grew up in the show business atmosphere with both his father and mother being avid performers. After he graduated from Rexford, a private school in Beverly Hills, he worked with the Los Angeles Theater Group and was featured in the Los Angeles theater production of "And so to Bed" (members.tripod.com). After that he moved to New York and back to Los Angeles while starring in several plays and TV shows including "Mod Squad" and "Bonanza", but David Cassidy didn’t get his big break until he returned to his first love, music, when he was cast as Keith Partridge. Other cast members who played Partridge siblings included Susan Dey, a popular New York fashion model who played Laurie Partridge, and the red headed and freckled Danny Bonaduce who played Danny Partridge and to many people’s surprise actually came from an 100 percent Italian background (The Partridge Family Deluxe Souvenir Album). The youngest partridges as you may know were Chris and Tracy. Chris was first played by Jeremy Gelbwaks during the first season, but his parents soon became uncomfortable about his acting with the mania that surrounded the show and took their son out of the cast.

Determining The Longetivity Of E.Coli’s Gaining Resistance Ability: A Comparison Between The Bacteriophage T-4 And Antibiotic

The surfacing of a variety of drugs for resisting antibiotic for disease-inflicting bacteria has already been a big issue and at the same a vital dilemma in treating all types of human diseases. This immediately requires another option, a substitute way of providing therapy to the human diseases. It has been found in previous researches and experiments the wonders of having bacteriophages highly considered to be â€Å"healing viruses. † John MacGregor (2003) has brought up an intriguing issue regarding bacteriophages when he wrote his research article entitled â€Å"Set A Bug To Catch A Bug†.Apart from the title, his words were â€Å"As the power of antibiotic wanes, viruses that hijack bacteria and smash them into pieces could be the answer to our prayers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He explained in his article the possibilities of replacing antibiotics as the solution to a lot of virus-causing diseases including virus infections. Bacteriophages were first discovered by a British c hemist named E. H. Hankin. It was considered to be a virus in 1915 by Frederick Twort, a British bateriologisy. The occurrence of that first intrigue found by Dr.Hankin paved its way for more discoveries performed by a Canadian microbiologist named Felix d’Herelle. He agreed with Twort when he also considered it to be a virus and then later he named it as a â€Å"bacteriophage†. Upon his successful experimentations, he was confident that these bacteriophages will be very helpful and at the same time when he used them with the children who were almost dying dysentery at a hospital in Paris. The test solutions were distributed to every patient hoping that it will be effective, and fortunately, these cured the children for just one night.With D’Herelle’s primary success, the use of phage therapy was further studied. From then on, the advantages it provides were widely spread globally. These page therapies are utilized in a variety of ways. It can be taken or given topically, orally, can be injected, using enemas and aerosols. Diseases that were treated by this phage therapy included urinary tract infections, typhoid and cholera. The use of phage therapy slowly faded when AMA or the American Medical Association reported contradictory results of using phages. Antibiotic age came in when penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1982.Fleming’s discovery flourished for 20 years making the phage therapy out of sight. But still a lot of microbiologists became very attractive to what bacteriophages could provide medically, improving different aspects of health and curing more diseases. There was a time after the Communist era when phages were considered to be the â€Å"last resort† antibiotics when the decline for antibiotics took place. This was indeed an alarming situation worldwide. But this did not become hindrance in reviving the hidden attributes of bacteriophages.Bacteriophages are defined by Toronto, Funke and Ca se (2001) as viruses that host in bacteria and in bacterial cultures, they can be grown easily. This has been significant since bacteriophages are the main sources of multiplying viruses. How do bacteriophages multiply? The basic procedure in which multiplication of viruses happens is just the same as the other viruses and it is not affected by any means by which the entering and the exiting of a virus into a host cell differs. Most life cycles of a virus are difficult to understand but a bacteriophage is an exception.They are the easiest to be learned and be understood. Bacteriophages, also called â€Å"phages†, can be multiplied using two substitute processes. The first one is called the lytic cycle which leaves the host cell to a lysis or death. The second one is called the lysogenic cycle where the host cell lives. T-even bacteriophages such as T2, T4 and T6 are the phage types that are most studied. Using the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a host, with the use o f lytic cycle, multiplication of the T-even bacteriophages can be demonstrated easily from one process to another.There are 5 stages involved starting from attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release. During the first stage, attachment, the particles of the bactriophage and the bacteria collide. A chemical connection occurs between the attachment site from the virus and the bacterial cells’ complementary receptor site. A chemically produced interaction from the connection enables bonds that are weak to be formed from the two sites by using their fibered tail ends. During the stage of penetration, DNA is being injected by the T-even bacteriophages into the bacterium after connecting occurs.This is done when an enzyme called the phage lysozyme is released by the tail of the bacteriophage which in turn destroys the walls of the bacterial cell. In the penetration process, the phage’s sheath tail contracts and the core of the tail enters the cell wall. If the core’s tip has already reached the plasma membrane, the DNA from the head of the bacteriophage will pass through the tail core, it will eventually enter the bacterial cell. During the stage of biosynthesis, the DNA of the bacteriophage will initiate synthesis direction of the components of the virus by the host cell.Once the components of the virus are being put in place and are brought together into virions, the maturation stage occurs. When the lyses of the host cell and the new virions have already been released, it is referred to as the release stage (Toronto, Funke and Case; 2001). Bacteriophages have been found to exhibit a lot of features. They are tested to be of big use with local infections in relation to poor supply of blood like diabetic ulcers and infections of the bone. Unlike antiobiotics, these phages were keenly observed to multiply inside their host cell which enables them to penetrate more deeply to the area being infected.Another distinguishing feature of phage therapies is its ability to inflict no allergies, resulting to a fewer side effects. Phage therapies in addition are easier and are cheaper to produce than antibiotics. On the other hand, bacteriophages have their limitations concerning their fatality once they have already killed the harmful bacteria. But these issues should not lower the hopes of the society depending on the future developments of phages. In an interview (Society for Gen. Micro. , 2008), they have shared that modern scientists and researchers have already found ways of prolonging the lifespan of viruses.This new and possible idea is by combining them chemically with polymers but still this is limiting since it will likely cause poisoning of the blood and is surely a big threat to one’s life. The main objective of this project is to determine the longetivity of the bacterium Escherichia coli’s gaining resistance ability in two different viral invaders: the bacteriophage T-4 and an antibiotic . At the end of this project, results should report a comparison between these two, answering which has the longest and the most effective invading mechanism. B. METHODS AND PROCEDURES (EXPERIMENT PROTOCOL)Throughout the following procedures of this project, a strict Aseptic Technique will be used. During the whole duration of the experiment, a strict technique called the Aseptic Technique will be applied. According to a web article research, written by Hauswirth and Sherk (2007), they defined the aseptic technique as an accumulation of unique practices acquired and a set of processes undergone whose conditions are carefully controlled with an objective of minimizing pathogen contamination. In any type of clinical setting, the technique is used to maximize and stabilize pathogenic organisms’ absence.Its main goal is to simply protect a patient from infection and cease any possible spreading to other body parts. Prevention of infections are not achieved simply by sanitizing or disinfecting. In about more than 27 million surgical operations, surgical sites are the third most prone to more hospital infections prolonging, in effect, the hospital stay of the patient and at the same time, hospital bills become so expensive. The estimate was according to CDC or Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hauswirth and Sherk, 2007).The main objective of performing this experiment is to identify the required length of time for a common bacterium called Escherichia coli (E. coli) to achieve its maximum log phase growth. When these cells have already arrived in its expression of maximum amount of bacteriophage receptors, it will eventually lead to an immediate vulnerability to infection. The bacterium E. coli must always be utilized at this stage of growth all through out the procedures to be able to achieve desirable results upon comparing of two different experiments.In beginning the procedures of the experiment, first, an overnight growth of culture will be prep ared to be able to supply the growth curve with inoculum. The growth of the culture will be done in a shaking incubator with a temperature of 37 degrees Centigrade. The culture preparation will also be dependent on what culture is available, its slope, its colony or plate, and inoculate broth of the culture. Second, a 1 ml of culture that will be prepared overnight and a 99 ml of inoculate nutrient broth (NB) will be taken and will be placed in a flask that is sterilized and flat-bottomed type.Through a process called resuspension, a sterilized tube containing a sample of 5 ml will be gently swirled, will be collected and will be marked Time Zero. The sterilized flat-bottomed flask will be placed inside the shaking incubator. Third, samples containing 5 ml each will be collected at a per hour interval. This will be done for 8 consecutive 8 hours and will be marked Time 1, Time 2, Time 3, Time 4 . . . Time 8. All samples will be stored at +4 degrees Centigrade. Fourth, the remains of the culture that has been prepared overnight will be left for one more night.At exactly 9 am the next day, a last sample of the culture remains will be collected. Fifth, from a sample of 400 nm and another sample of 450 nm, the OD of each sample will be measured. The LB or NB will be used but will be left blank if necessary. If in case, the OD will exceed 1. 0, both sample 1 and sample 2 that were used in LB and NB will be diluted and will be read for the second time. Sixth, the strict aseptic technique will be used in preparing for colony counts in each sample. The amount of workable cells (per ml) will be identified.Seventh, plotting will be done. A growth curve will be plotted and both the cell number and time will be involved in doing this. Eighth, another growth curve will be plotted. This time cell number and OD will be involved in the plotting. Ninth, the required time to reach the midway of the log phase growth will be identified. In doing this, cells within the time length , identified prior to the succeeding experiment, will be grown. Tenth and last step of these experiment procedures, the connection between the cells and the OD will be analyzed.All results acquired all through out the process of this experiment will be recorded and will be evaluated accordingly. References: Hauswirth, K. & Sherk, S. D. (2007) Aseptic Technique [Internet]. Available from < http://www. surgeryencyclopedia. com/A-Ce/Aseptic-Technique. html> [Accessed 8 May 2008] Tortora, Funke & Case (2001) Microbiology: An Introduction. 7th ed. Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Craigie, J. (2002) The Significance and Applications of Bacteriophage in Bacteriological and Virus Research [Internet]. Available from [Accessed 8 May 2008]